TABLE 2 Common abbreviations and units that may be used without definition Do not pluralize abbreviations Statistical Abbreviations analysis of covariance ANCOVA analysis of variance ANOVA coefficient of correlation, sample r coefficient of determination, sample r2 coefficient of multiple correlation R coefficient of multiple determination R2 coefficient of variation CV confidence interval CI degrees of freedom df number of observations n odds ratio OR probability (level of significance) P standard deviation SD standard error of the estimate SEE standard error of the mean SEM statistical datum derived in Student's t test t variance ratio F General Abbreviations acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS adenosine 5'-mono-, -di- and -triphosphates AMP, ADP and ATP body mass index BMI branched-chain amino acid BCAA butylated hydroxytoluene BHT coenzyme A CoA complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cDNA cyclic AMP (adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate), etc. cAMP, etc. cytidine 5'-mono-, -di- and -triphosphates CMP, CDP and CTP deoxyribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleate DNA Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium DMEM Enzyme Commission nomenclature number EC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA ethylenediaminetetraacetate EDTA ethyleneglycol-bis(β-aminoethyl)-N,N,N′ ,N′ -tetraacetic acid EGTA fatty acid methyl esters FAME flavin-adenine dinucleotide and its fully reduced form FAD and FADH2 food-frequency questionnaire FFQ free fatty acid FFA gas chromatography GC gas-liquid chromatography GLC guanosine 5'-mono-, -di- and -triphosphates GMP, GDP and GTP Hanks’ balanced salt solution HBSS high density lipoprotein HDL N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid HEPES human immunodeficiency virus HIV high performance liquid chromatography HPLC low density lipoprotein LDL 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid MOPS magnetic resonance imaging MRI mass spectrometry MS nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its oxidized and reduced forms NAD, NAD+ and NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and its oxidized and reduced forms NADP, NADP+ and NADPH nuclear magnetic resonance NMR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR phosphate buffered saline PBS polymerase chain reaction PCR polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA radioimmunoassay RIA red blood cell RBC reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR riboflavin 5'-phosphate FMN ribonucleic acid or ribonucleate RNA saturated fatty acid SFA short-chain fatty acid SCFA sodium chloride/sodium citrate SSC sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE thin layer chromatography TLC thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS ribosylthymine 5'-mono-, -di- and -triphosphates TMP, TDP and TTP tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane Tris uridine 5'-mono-, -di- and -triphosphates UMP, UDP and UTP ultraviolet UV very low density lipoprotein VLDL Miscellaneous equation (use only with a number; e.g., Eq. 4) Eq. experiment (use only with a number; e.g., Expt. 4) Expt. for example e.g. in other words; that is i.e. inner diameter i.d. intragastric (ally) i.g. intramuscular (ly) i.m. intravenous (ly) i.v. optical density OD outer diameter o.d. versus vs. volume:volume (use only with a ratio) (v:v) weight:volume (use only with a ratio) (wt:v) weight:weight (use only with a ratio) (wt:wt) X-Ray X-ray Institutional Abbreviations American Chemical Society ACS American Heart Association AHA American Society for Nutrition ASN Association of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Food and Drug Administration FDA National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES National Institutes of Health NIH National Research Council NRC United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP World Health Organization WHO

TABLE 3 SI prefixes Factor Prefix Symbol 1012 tera T 109 giga G 106 mega M 103 kilo k 10-2 centi c 10-3 milli m 10-6 micro µ 10-9 nano n 10-12 pico p 10-15 femto f 10-18 atto a

TABLE 4 Common abbreviations for units of measure Do not pluralize; use only with values Area and volume liter L microliter µL milliliter mL square centimeter cm2 square millimeter mm2 Units of concentration micromolar (micromoles/liter) µmol/L millimolar (millimoles/liter) mmol/L molar (moles/liter) Note: convert N (normal) to mol/L mol/L Units of length centimeter cm meter m micrometer µm millimeter mm nanometer nm Units of mass dalton Da gram g kilogram kg microgram µg milligram mg Units of time day d hour h minute min month mo second s week wk year y Other units degree Celsius °C micromole µmol becquerel (disintegration per second) Bq acceleration of gravity g joule J katal (mole per second) kat kilobase kb kilobase pair kbp millimole mmol mole mol weight (e.g., 10g body wt) wt