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Recent Advances in Nutritional Sciences

Saturated Fatty Acid-Mediated Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Adipose Tissue Mechanisms of Action and Implications¹

Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402

This review highlights the inflammatory and insulin-antagonizing effects of saturated fatty acids SFA, which contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Mechanisms responsible for these unhealthy effects of SFA include: 1) accumulation of diacylglycerol and ceramide; 2) activation of nuclear factor-B, protein kinase C-, and mitogen-activated protein kinases, and subsequent induction of inflammatory genes in white adipose tissue, immune cells, and myotubes; 3) decreased PPAR coactivator-1 /β activation and adiponectin production, which decreases the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids (FA); and 4) recruitment of immune cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to WAT and muscle. Several studies have demonstrated potential health benefits of substituting SFA with unsaturated FA, particularly oleic acid and (n-3) FA. Thus, reducing consumption of foods rich in SFA and increasing consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean meats and poultry, fish, low-fat dairy products, and oils containing oleic acid or (n-3) FA is likely to reduce the incidence of metabolic disease.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mkmcinto{at}uncg.edu.

Manuscript received 12 August 2008.

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