![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
*
Laboratoire des Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, INRA, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France and
Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K.
The main dietary sources of polyphenols are reviewed, and the daily intake is calculated for a given diet containing some common fruits, vegetables and beverages. Phenolic acids account for about one third of the total intake and flavonoids account for the remaining two thirds. The most abundant flavonoids in the diet are flavanols (catechins plus proanthocyanidins), anthocyanins and their oxidation products. The main polyphenol dietary sources are fruit and beverages (fruit juice, wine, tea, coffee, chocolate and beer) and, to a lesser extent vegetables, dry legumes and cereals. The total intake is ~1 g/d. Large uncertainties remain due to the lack of comprehensive data on the content of some of the main polyphenol classes in food. Bioavailability studies in humans are discussed. The maximum concentration in plasma rarely exceeds 1 µM after the consumption of 10–100 mg of a single phenolic compound. However, the total plasma phenol concentration is probably higher due to the presence of metabolites formed in the body’s tissues or by the colonic microflora. These metabolites are still largely unknown and not accounted for. Both chemical and biochemical factors that affect the absorption and metabolism of polyphenols are reviewed, with particular emphasis on flavonoid glycosides. A better understanding of these factors is essential to explain the large variations in bioavailability observed among polyphenols and among individuals.
KEY WORDS: • polyphenol • phenolic acid • flavonoid • flavonoid glycoside • dietary intake • bioavailability • gut absorption • metabolism • colonic microflora • glucosidase • antioxidant
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  W. M. Loke, A. M. Jenner, J. M. Proudfoot, A. J. McKinley, J. M. Hodgson, B. Halliwell, and K. D. Croft A Metabolite Profiling Approach to Identify Biomarkers of Flavonoid Intake in Humans J. Nutr., December 1, 2009; 139(12): 2309 - 2314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Gury, H. Seraut, N. P. Tran, L. Barthelmebs, S. Weidmann, P. Gervais, and J.-F. Cavin Inactivation of PadR, the Repressor of the Phenolic Acid Stress Response, by Molecular Interaction with Usp1, a Universal Stress Protein from Lactobacillus plantarum, in Escherichia coli Appl. Envir. Microbiol., August 15, 2009; 75(16): 5273 - 5283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Tarko, A. Duda-Chodak, and T. Tuszynski Simulation of Phenolic Compounds Transformations and Interactions in an In Vitro Model of the Human Alimentary Tract Food Science and Technology International, June 1, 2009; 15(3): 235 - 241. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G Corona, J. Spencer, and M. Dessi Extra virgin olive oil phenolics: absorption, metabolism, and biological activities in the GI tract Toxicology and Industrial Health, May 1, 2009; 25(4-5): 285 - 293. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.-P. WU, S.-C. KUO, W.-W. HUANG, J.-S. YANG, K.-C. LAI, H.-J. CHEN, K.-L. LIN, Y.-J. CHIU, L.-J. HUANG, and J.-G. CHUNG (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Induced Apoptosis in Human Adrenal Cancer NCI-H295 Cells through Caspase-dependent and Caspase-independent Pathway Anticancer Res, April 1, 2009; 29(4): 1435 - 1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Labbe, M. Provencal, S. Lamy, D. Boivin, D. Gingras, and R. Beliveau The Flavonols Quercetin, Kaempferol, and Myricetin Inhibit Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Induced Medulloblastoma Cell Migration J. Nutr., April 1, 2009; 139(4): 646 - 652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. WIEGAND, A. E. WAGNER, C. BOESCH-SAADATMANDI, H.-P. KRUSE, S. KULLING, and G. RIMBACH Effect of Dietary Genistein on Phase II and Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Liver Cancer Genomics Proteomics, March 1, 2009; 6(2): 85 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Nurk, H. Refsum, C. A. Drevon, G. S. Tell, H. A. Nygaard, K. Engedal, and A. D. Smith Intake of Flavonoid-Rich Wine, Tea, and Chocolate by Elderly Men and Women Is Associated with Better Cognitive Test Performance J. Nutr., January 1, 2009; 139(1): 120 - 127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Carneiro, M. Assuncao, V. D. Freitas, M. M. Paula-Barbosa, and J. P. Andrade Red Wine, but not Port Wine, Protects Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Against Ethanol-Induced Neuronal Damage--Relevance of the Sugar Content Alcohol Alcohol., July 1, 2008; 43(4): 408 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Wang, L. Ho, W. Zhao, K. Ono, C. Rosensweig, L. Chen, N. Humala, D. B. Teplow, and G. M. Pasinetti Grape-Derived Polyphenolics Prevent A{beta} Oligomerization and Attenuate Cognitive Deterioration in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease J. Neurosci., June 18, 2008; 28(25): 6388 - 6392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Woodward The potential effect of excessive coffee consumption on nicotine metabolism: CYP2A6 inhibition by caffeic acid and quercetin Bioscience Horizons, June 1, 2008; 1(2): 98 - 103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-L. Ovaskainen, R. Torronen, J. M. Koponen, H. Sinkko, J. Hellstrom, H. Reinivuo, and P. Mattila Dietary Intake and Major Food Sources of Polyphenols in Finnish Adults J. Nutr., March 1, 2008; 138(3): 562 - 566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Guglielmetti, I. De Noni, F. Caracciolo, F. Molinari, C. Parini, and D. Mora Bacterial Cinnamoyl Esterase Activity Screening for the Production of a Novel Functional Food Product Appl. Envir. Microbiol., February 15, 2008; 74(4): 1284 - 1288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Brenes, A. Viveros, I. Goni, C. Centeno, S. G. Sayago-Ayerdy, I. Arija, and F. Saura-Calixto Effect of Grape Pomace Concentrate and Vitamin E on Digestibility of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity in Chickens Poult. Sci., February 1, 2008; 87(2): 307 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Fini, M. Selgrad, V. Fogliano, G. Graziani, M. Romano, E. Hotchkiss, Y. A. Daoud, E. B. De Vol, C. R. Boland, and L. Ricciardiello Annurca Apple Polyphenols Have Potent Demethylating Activity and Can Reactivate Silenced Tumor Suppressor Genes in Colorectal Cancer Cells J. Nutr., December 1, 2007; 137(12): 2622 - 2628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Edwards, T. Lyon, S. E. Litwin, A. Rabovsky, J. D. Symons, and T. Jalili Quercetin Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Subjects J. Nutr., November 1, 2007; 137(11): 2405 - 2411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Winkelmann, D. Diehl, D. Oesterle, H. Daniel, and U. Wenzel The suppression of aberrant crypt multiplicity in colonic tissue of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated C57BL/6J mice by dietary flavone is associated with an increased expression of Krebs cycle enzymes Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2007; 28(7): 1446 - 1454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. van Praag, M. J. Lucero, G. W. Yeo, K. Stecker, N. Heivand, C. Zhao, E. Yip, M. Afanador, H. Schroeter, J. Hammerstone, et al. Plant-Derived Flavanol (-)Epicatechin Enhances Angiogenesis and Retention of Spatial Memory in Mice J. Neurosci., May 30, 2007; 27(22): 5869 - 5878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Goni, A. Brenes, C. Centeno, A. Viveros, F. Saura-Calixto, A. Rebole, I. Arija, and R. Estevez Effect of Dietary Grape Pomace and Vitamin E on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Susceptibility to Meat Lipid Oxidation in Chickens Poult. Sci., March 1, 2007; 86(3): 508 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Erdman Jr., D. Balentine, L. Arab, G. Beecher, J. T. Dwyer, J. Folts, J. Harnly, P. Hollman, C. L. Keen, G. Mazza, et al. Flavonoids and Heart Health: Proceedings of the ILSI North America Flavonoids Workshop, May 31-June 1, 2005, Washington, DC J. Nutr., March 1, 2007; 137(3): 718S - 737S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-i. Suzuki, M. Ogawa, H. Futamatsu, H. Kosuge, Y. M. Sagesaka, and M. Isobe Tea catechins improve left ventricular dysfunction, suppress myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and alter cytokine expression in rat autoimmune myocarditis Eur J Heart Fail, February 1, 2007; 9(2): 152 - 159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Kwon, P. Eck, S. Chen, C. P. Corpe, J.-H. Lee, M. Kruhlak, and M. Levine Inhibition of the intestinal glucose transporter GLUT2 by flavonoids FASEB J, February 1, 2007; 21(2): 366 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. J. Ignarro, M. L. Balestrieri, and C. Napoli Nutrition, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease: An update Cardiovasc Res, January 15, 2007; 73(2): 326 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Brat, S. George, A. Bellamy, L. D. Chaffaut, A. Scalbert, L. Mennen, N. Arnault, and M. J. Amiot Daily Polyphenol Intake in France from Fruit and Vegetables J. Nutr., September 1, 2006; 136(9): 2368 - 2373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Castilla, R. Echarri, A. Davalos, F. Cerrato, H. Ortega, J. L. Teruel, M. F. Lucas, D. Gomez-Coronado, J. Ortuno, and M. A Lasuncion Concentrated red grape juice exerts antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antiinflammatory effects in both hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2006; 84(1): 252 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. E. C. van Hoorn, R. J. Nijveldt, P. G. Boelens, Z. Hofman, P. A. M. van Leeuwen, and K. van Norren Effects of Preoperative Flavonoid Supplementation on Different Organ Functions in Rats JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, July 1, 2006; 30(4): 302 - 308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. K. Harris, Y. Qian, S. S. Leonard, D. C. Sbarra, and X. Shi Luteolin and Chrysin Differentially Inhibit Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species but Similarly Inhibit Prostaglandin-E2 Formation in RAW 264.7 Cells J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1517 - 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-C. Su, L.-M. Hung, and J.-K. Chen Resveratrol, a red wine antioxidant, possesses an insulin-like effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1339 - E1346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Cabrera, R. Artacho, and R. Gimenez Beneficial effects of green tea--a review. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2006; 25(2): 79 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. J. Greenblatt, L. L. von Moltke, Y. Luo, E. S. Perloff, K. A. Horan, A. Bruce, R. C. Reynolds, J. S. Harmatz, B. Avula, I. A. Khan, et al. Ginkgo biloba Does Not Alter Clearance of Flurbiprofen, a Cytochrome P450-2C9 Substrate J. Clin. Pharmacol., February 1, 2006; 46(2): 214 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Graf, C. Ameho, G. G. Dolnikowski, P. E. Milbury, C.-Y. Chen, and J. B. Blumberg Rat Gastrointestinal Tissues Metabolize Quercetin J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 39 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Baker, G. P. Beehler, A. C. Sawant, V. Jayaprakash, S. E. McCann, and K. B. Moysich Consumption of Coffee, but Not Black Tea, Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Premenopausal Breast Cancer J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 166 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-i. Suzuki, M. Ogawa, Y. M. Sagesaka, and M. Isobe Tea catechins attenuate ventricular remodeling and graft arterial diseases in murine cardiac allografts Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2006; 69(1): 272 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Schuier, H. Sies, B. Illek, and H. Fischer Cocoa-Related Flavonoids Inhibit CFTR-Mediated Chloride Transport across T84 Human Colon Epithelia J. Nutr., October 1, 2005; 135(10): 2320 - 2325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Karlsson, U. Huss, A. Jenner, B. Halliwell, L. Bohlin, and J. J. Rafter Human Fecal Water Inhibits COX-2 in Colonic HT-29 Cells: Role of Phenolic Compounds J. Nutr., October 1, 2005; 135(10): 2343 - 2349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-A. Kim, P.-W. Park, H.-K. Kim, J.-M. Ha, and J.-Y. Park Effect of Quercetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosiglitazone, a CYP2C8 Substrate, in Healthy Subjects J. Clin. Pharmacol., August 1, 2005; 45(8): 941 - 946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Gosse, S. Guyot, S. Roussi, A. Lobstein, B. Fischer, N. Seiler, and F. Raul Chemopreventive properties of apple procyanidins on human colon cancer-derived metastatic SW620 cells and in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2005; 26(7): 1291 - 1295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Lamuela-Raventos, A. I. Romero-Perez, C. Andres-Lacueva, and A. Tornero Review: Health Effects of Cocoa Flavonoids Food Science and Technology International, June 1, 2005; 11(3): 159 - 176. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. A. Sesink, I. C. W. Arts, V. C. J. de Boer, P. Breedveld, J. H. M. Schellens, P. C. H. Hollman, and F. G. M. Russel Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) Limits Net Intestinal Uptake of Quercetin in Rats by Facilitating Apical Efflux of Glucuronides Mol. Pharmacol., June 1, 2005; 67(6): 1999 - 2006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Fusi, G. Sgaragli, and S. Saponara Mechanism of Myricetin Stimulation of Vascular L-type Ca2+ Current J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2005; 313(2): 790 - 797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Lila, G. G. Yousef, Y. Jiang, and C. M. Weaver Sorting Out Bioactivity in Flavonoid Mixtures J. Nutr., May 1, 2005; 135(5): 1231 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Watjen, G. Michels, B. Steffan, P. Niering, Y. Chovolou, A. Kampkotter, Q.-H. Tran-Thi, P. Proksch, and R. Kahl Low Concentrations of Flavonoids Are Protective in Rat H4IIE Cells Whereas High Concentrations Cause DNA Damage and Apoptosis J. Nutr., March 1, 2005; 135(3): 525 - 531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Scalbert, I. T Johnson, and M. Saltmarsh Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 215S - 217S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Williamson and C. Manach Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 243S - 255S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Halliwell, J. Rafter, and A. Jenner Health promotion by flavonoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and other phenols: direct or indirect effects? Antioxidant or not? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 268S - 276S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O Moskaug, H. Carlsen, M. C. Myhrstad, and R. Blomhoff Polyphenols and glutathione synthesis regulation Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 277S - 283S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. I Mennen, R. Walker, C. Bennetau-Pelissero, and A. Scalbert Risks and safety of polyphenol consumption Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 326S - 329S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Bagli, M. Stefaniotou, L. Morbidelli, M. Ziche, K. Psillas, C. Murphy, and T. Fotsis Luteolin Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis; Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Survival and Proliferation by Targeting Phosphatidylinositol 3'-Kinase Activity Cancer Res., November 1, 2004; 64(21): 7936 - 7946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Noe, S. Penuelas, R. M. Lamuela-Raventos, J. Permanyer, C. J. Ciudad, and M. Izquierdo-Pulido Epicatechin and a Cocoa Polyphenolic Extract Modulate Gene Expression in Human Caco-2 Cells J. Nutr., October 1, 2004; 134(10): 2509 - 2516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Dell'Agli, A. Busciala, and E. Bosisio Vascular effects of wine polyphenols Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2004; 63(4): 593 - 602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. M. Butler, W.-P. Koh, H.-P. Lee, M. C. Yu, and S. J. London Dietary Fiber and Reduced Cough with Phlegm: A Cohort Study in Singapore Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2004; 170(3): 279 - 287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Fassina, R. Vene, M. Morini, S. Minghelli, R. Benelli, D. M. Noonan, and A. Albini Mechanisms of Inhibition of Tumor Angiogenesis and Vascular Tumor Growth by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Clin. Cancer Res., July 15, 2004; 10(14): 4865 - 4873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. DE FREITAS, P. DA SILVA PORTO, M. ASSUNCAO, A. CADETE-LEITE, J. P. ANDRADE, and M. M. PAULA-BARBOSA FLAVONOIDS FROM GRAPE SEEDS PREVENT INCREASED ALCOHOL-INDUCED NEURONAL LIPOFUSCIN FORMATION Alcohol Alcohol., July 1, 2004; 39(4): 303 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Gouedard, R. Barouki, and Y. Morel Dietary Polyphenols Increase Paraoxonase 1 Gene Expression by an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Mechanism Mol. Cell. Biol., June 15, 2004; 24(12): 5209 - 5222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-Y. Chen, P. E. Milbury, H.-K. Kwak, F. W. Collins, P. Samuel, and J. B. Blumberg Avenanthramides and Phenolic Acids from Oats Are Bioavailable and Act Synergistically with Vitamin C to Enhance Hamster and Human LDL Resistance to Oxidation J. Nutr., June 1, 2004; 134(6): 1459 - 1466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Manach, A. Scalbert, C. Morand, C. Remesy, and L. Jimenez Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2004; 79(5): 727 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Wheeler, J. D. Catravas, K. Odoms, A. Denenberg, V. Malhotra, and H. R. Wong Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a Green Tea-Derived Polyphenol, Inhibits IL-1{beta}-Dependent Proinflammatory Signal Transduction in Cultured Respiratory Epithelial Cells J. Nutr., May 1, 2004; 134(5): 1039 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Tyssandier, C. Feillet-Coudray, C. Caris-Veyrat, J.-C. Guilland, C. Coudray, S. Bureau, M. Reich, M.-J. Amiot-Carlin, C. Bouteloup-Demange, Y. Boirie, et al. Effect of Tomato Product Consumption on the Plasma Status of Antioxidant Microconstituents and on the Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Subjects J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2004; 23(2): 148 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Lopez-Lopez, L. Moreno, A. Cogolludo, M. Galisteo, M. Ibarra, J. Duarte, F. Lodi, J. Tamargo, and F. Perez-Vizcaino Nitric Oxide (NO) Scavenging and NO Protecting Effects of Quercetin and Their Biological Significance in Vascular Smooth Muscle Mol. Pharmacol., April 1, 2004; 65(4): 851 - 859. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L Donovan Flavonoids and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2004; 79(3): 522 - 523. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D.-Y. Xie, L. A. Jackson, J. D. Cooper, D. Ferreira, and N. L. Paiva Molecular and Biochemical Analysis of Two cDNA Clones Encoding Dihydroflavonol-4-Reductase from Medicago truncatula Plant Physiology, March 1, 2004; 134(3): 979 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Ralay Ranaivo, O. Rakotoarison, A. Tesse, C. Schott, A. Randriantsoa, A. Lobstein, and R. Andriantsitohaina Cedrelopsis grevei induced hypotension and improved endothelial vasodilatation through an increase of Cu/Zn SOD protein expression Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): H775 - H781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Bacon, G. Williamson, R. C. Garner, G. Lappin, S. Langouet, and Y. Bao Sulforaphane and quercetin modulate PhIP-DNA adduct formation in human HepG2 cells and hepatocytes Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2003; 24(12): 1903 - 1911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Theobald, S.-E. Johansson, and P. Engfeldt INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ON SELF-REPORTED HEALTH STATUS Alcohol Alcohol., November 1, 2003; 38(6): 583 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Frank, T. Lundh, R. S. Parker, J. E. Swanson, B. Vessby, and A. Kamal-Eldin Dietary (+)-Catechin and BHT Markedly Increase {alpha}-Tocopherol Concentrations in Rats by a Tocopherol-{omega}-Hydroxylase-Independent Mechanism J. Nutr., October 1, 2003; 133(10): 3195 - 3199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Blumberg Proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific Symposium on Tea and Human Health: Role of Flavonoids in the Diet. September 23, 2002. J. Nutr., October 1, 2003; 133(10): 3244S - 3318S. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. R. Beecher Overview of Dietary Flavonoids: Nomenclature, Occurrence and Intake J. Nutr., October 1, 2003; 133(10): 3248S - 3254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. E. Spencer Metabolism of Tea Flavonoids in the Gastrointestinal Tract J. Nutr., October 1, 2003; 133(10): 3255S - 3261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Tawab, U. Bahr, M. Karas, M. Wurglics, and M. Schubert-Zsilavecz DEGRADATION OF GINSENOSIDES IN HUMANS AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION Drug Metab. Dispos., August 1, 2003; 31(8): 1065 - 1071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Carlsen, M. C. W. Myhrstad, M. Thoresen, J. O. Moskaug, and R. Blomhoff Berry Intake Increases the Activity of the {gamma}-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Promoter in Transgenic Reporter Mice J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2137 - 2140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I.-W. Peng and S.-M. Kuo Flavonoid Structure Affects the Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation in Caco-2 Intestinal Cells at Physiological Concentrations J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2184 - 2187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J Murphy, A. K Chronopoulos, I. Singh, M. A Francis, H. Moriarty, M. J Pike, A. H Turner, N. J Mann, and A. J Sinclair Dietary flavanols and procyanidin oligomers from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) inhibit platelet function Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1466 - 1473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-Y. Kim, O.-H. Kim, and M.-K. Sung Effects of Phenol-Depleted and Phenol-Rich Diets on Blood Markers of Oxidative Stress, and Urinary Excretion of Quercetin and Kaempferol in Healthy Volunteers J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2003; 22(3): 217 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-P. Gonthier, M.-A. Verny, C. Besson, C. Remesy, and A. Scalbert Chlorogenic Acid Bioavailability Largely Depends on Its Metabolism by the Gut Microflora in Rats J. Nutr., June 1, 2003; 133(6): 1853 - 1859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Aprikian, V. Duclos, S. Guyot, C. Besson, C. Manach, A. Bernalier, C. Morand, C. Remesy, and C. Demigne Apple Pectin and a Polyphenol-Rich Apple Concentrate Are More Effective Together Than Separately on Cecal Fermentations and Plasma Lipids in Rats J. Nutr., June 1, 2003; 133(6): 1860 - 1865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Vanharanta, S. Voutilainen, T. H. Rissanen, H. Adlercreutz, and J. T. Salonen Risk of Cardiovascular Disease-Related and All-Cause Death According to Serum Concentrations of Enterolactone: Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study Arch Intern Med, May 12, 2003; 163(9): 1099 - 1104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Y Rios, M.-P. Gonthier, C. Remesy, I. Mila, C. Lapierre, S. A Lazarus, G. Williamson, and A. Scalbert Chocolate intake increases urinary excretion of polyphenol-derived phenolic acids in healthy human subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2003; 77(4): 912 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Naasani, F. Oh-hashi, T. Oh-hara, W. Y. Feng, J. Johnston, K. Chan, and T. Tsuruo Blocking Telomerase by Dietary Polyphenols Is a Major Mechanism for Limiting the Growth of Human Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo Cancer Res., February 15, 2003; 63(4): 824 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-P. Gonthier, V. Cheynier, J. L. Donovan, C. Manach, C. Morand, I. Mila, C. Lapierre, C. Remesy, and A. Scalbert Microbial Aromatic Acid Metabolites Formed in the Gut Account for a Major Fraction of the Polyphenols Excreted in Urine of Rats Fed Red Wine Polyphenols J. Nutr., February 1, 2003; 133(2): 461 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J O'Byrne, S. Devaraj, S. M Grundy, and I. Jialal Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids {alpha}-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2002; 76(6): 1367 - 1374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Shanmuganayagam, M. R. Beahm, H. E. Osman, C. G. Krueger, J. D. Reed, and J. D. Folts Grape Seed and Grape Skin Extracts Elicit a Greater Antiplatelet Effect When Used in Combination than When Used Individually in Dogs and Humans J. Nutr., December 1, 2002; 132(12): 3592 - 3598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Y Rios, R. N Bennett, S. A Lazarus, C. Remesy, A. Scalbert, and G. Williamson Cocoa procyanidins are stable during gastric transit in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2002; 76(5): 1106 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Perez-Vizcaino, M. Ibarra, A. L. Cogolludo, J. Duarte, F. Zaragoza-Arnaez, L. Moreno, G. Lopez-Lopez, and J. Tamargo Endothelium-Independent Vasodilator Effects of the Flavonoid Quercetin and Its Methylated Metabolites in Rat Conductance and Resistance Arteries J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2002; 302(1): 66 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Song, O. Kwon, S. Chen, R. Daruwala, P. Eck, J. B. Park, and M. Levine Flavonoid Inhibition of Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 1 (SVCT1) and Glucose Transporter Isoform 2 (GLUT2), Intestinal Transporters for Vitamin C and Glucose J. Biol. Chem., May 3, 2002; 277(18): 15252 - 15260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Adcocks, P. Collin, and D. J. Buttle Catechins from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Inhibit Bovine and Human Cartilage Proteoglycan and Type II Collagen Degradation In Vitro J. Nutr., March 1, 2002; 132(3): 341 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. McKay and J. B. Blumberg The Role of Tea in Human Health: An Update J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2002; 21(1): 1 - 13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. DuPont, R. N. Bennett, F. A. Mellon, and G. Williamson Polyphenols from Alcoholic Apple Cider Are Absorbed, Metabolized and Excreted by Humans J. Nutr., February 1, 2002; 132(2): 172 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Shimoi, N. Saka, R. Nozawa, M. Sato, I. Amano, T. Nakayama, and N. Kinae Deglucuronidation of a Flavonoid, Luteolin Monoglucuronide, during Inflammation Drug Metab. Dispos., December 1, 2001; 29(12): 1521 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Weisburger Chemopreventive Effects of Cocoa Polyphenols on Chronic Diseases Experimental Biology and Medicine, November 1, 2001; 226(10): 891 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. A. Sesink, K. A. O'Leary, and P. C. H. Hollman Quercetin Glucuronides but Not Glucosides Are Present in Human Plasma after Consumption of Quercetin-3-Glucoside or Quercetin-4'-Glucoside J. Nutr., July 1, 2001; 131(7): 1938 - 1941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Donovan, V. Crespy, C. Manach, C. Morand, C. Besson, A. Scalbert, and C. Rémésy Catechin Is Metabolized by Both the Small Intestine and Liver of Rats J. Nutr., June 1, 2001; 131(6): 1753 - 1757. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Deprez, C. Brezillon, S. Rabot, C. Philippe, I. Mila, C. Lapierre, and A. Scalbert Polymeric Proanthocyanidins Are Catabolized by Human Colonic Microflora into Low-Molecular-Weight Phenolic Acids J. Nutr., November 1, 2000; 130(11): 2733 - 2738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
