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Manuscript received 16 July 1997. Initial reviews completed 29 August 1997. Revision accepted 10 November 1997.
USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
To investigate the extent of first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary amino acids, seven female pigs (28 d old, 8.0 kg) were implanted with arterial, venous, portal and gastric catheters and with an ultrasonic portal blood flow probe. The pigs were fed a milk-based diet once hourly and infused intragastrically with [U-13C]algal protein. On average, 56% of the essential amino acid (EAA) intake appeared in the portal blood. However, the net portal balance of methionine (48% of intake) and threonine (38% of intake) tended (P = 0.08) to be lower than the mean of all EAA. The net portal balance (expressed as a percentage of intake) of alanine (205%), tyrosine (167%) and arginine (137%) exceeded their intake. Net portal outflow of ammonia accounted for 18% of total amino acid nitrogen intake. As a percentage of the enteral tracer input, there was substantial first-pass metabolism of lysine (35%), leucine (32%), phenylalanine (35%) and threonine (61%). However, only 18, 21, 18 and 12% of the total first-pass metabolism of lysine, leucine, phenylalanine and threonine, respectively, were recovered in mucosal protein. We conclude that roughly one third of dietary intake of EAA is consumed in first-pass metabolism by the intestine and that amino acid catabolism by the mucosal cells is quantitatively greater than amino acid incorporation into mucosal protein.
Key words: dietary protein metabolism, stable isotopes, intestinal metabolism, mucosal protein synthesis, pigs.
The Journal of Nutrition Vol. 128 No. 3 March 1998,
pp. 606-614
Copyright ©1998 by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences
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D. G Burrin, B. Stoll, R. Jiang, X. Chang, B. Hartmann, J. J. Holst, G. H Greeley Jr, and P. J Reeds Minimal enteral nutrient requirements for intestinal growth in neonatal piglets: how much is enough? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2000; 71(6): 1603 - 1610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. F. P. Bertolo Organ and Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations Are Profoundly Different in Piglets Fed Identical Diets via Gastric, Central Venous or Portal Venous Routes J. Nutr., May 1, 2000; 130(5): 1261 - 1266. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. J. Reeds, D. G. Burrin, B. Stoll, and F. Jahoor Intestinal Glutamate Metabolism J. Nutr., April 1, 2000; 130(4): 978 - 978. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. Jiang, X. Chang, B. Stoll, M. Z. Fan, J. Arthington, E. Weaver, J. Campbell, and D. G. Burrin Dietary Plasma Protein Reduces Small Intestinal Growth and Lamina Propria Cell Density in Early Weaned Pigs J. Nutr., January 1, 2000; 130(1): 21 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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O. A. J. Adegoke, M. I. McBurney, S. E. Samuels, and V. E. Baracos Luminal Amino Acids Acutely Decrease Intestinal Mucosal Protein Synthesis and Protease mRNA in Piglets J. Nutr., October 1, 1999; 129(10): 1871 - 1878. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. A. Brunton, R. F. P. Bertolo, P. B. Pencharz, and R. O. Ball Proline ameliorates arginine deficiency during enteral but not parenteral feeding in neonatal piglets Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 1999; 277(2): E223 - E231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Stoll, D. G. Burrin, J. Henry, H. Yu, F. Jahoor, and P. J. Reeds Substrate oxidation by the portal drained viscera of fed piglets Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 1999; 277(1): E168 - E175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. F. P. Bertolo, C. Z. L. Chen, P. B. Pencharz, and R. O. Ball Intestinal Atrophy Has a Greater Impact on Nitrogen Metabolism than Liver By-Pass in Piglets Fed Identical Diets via Gastric, Central Venous or Portal Venous Routes J. Nutr., May 1, 1999; 129(5): 1045 - 1052. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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N. E. Flynn, C. J. Meininger, K. Kelly, N. H. Ing, S. M. Morris Jr., and G. Wu Glucocorticoids Mediate the Enhanced Expression of Intestinal Type II Arginase and Argininosuccinate Lyase in Postweaning Pigs J. Nutr., April 1, 1999; 129(4): 799 - 803. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 R. F. P. Bertolo, P. B. Pencharz, and R. O. Ball A Comparison of Parenteral and Enteral Feeding in Neonatal Piglets, Including an Assessment of the Utilization of a Glutamine-Rich, Pediatric Elemental Diet JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, March 1, 1999; 23(2): 47 - 55. [Abstract] [PDF]
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B. Stoll, D. G. Burrin, J. F. Henry, F. Jahoor, and P. J. Reeds Dietary and systemic phenylalanine utilization for mucosal and hepatic constitutive protein synthesis in pigs Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): G49 - G57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Bross, R. O. Ball, and P. B. Pencharz Development of a Minimally Invasive Protocol for the Determination of Phenylalanine and Lysine Kinetics in Humans during the Fed State J. Nutr., November 1, 1998; 128(11): 1913 - 1919. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Leterme, B. Sève, and A. Théwis The Current 15N-Leucine Infusion Technique Is Not Suitable for Quantitative Measurements of Ileal Endogenous Amino Acid Flows in Pigs J. Nutr., November 1, 1998; 128(11): 1961 - 1968. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. F. P. Bertolo, C. Z. L. Chen, G. Law, P. B. Pencharz, and R. O. Ball Threonine Requirement of Neonatal Piglets Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition Is Considerably Lower than That of Piglets Receiving an Identical Diet Intragastrically J. Nutr., October 1, 1998; 128(10): 1752 - 1759. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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W. J. J. Gerrits, J. W. Schrama, and S. Tamminga The Marginal Efficiency of Utilization of All Ileal Digestible Indispensable Amino Acids for Protein Gain Is Lower than 30% in Preruminant Calves between 80 and 240 kg Live Weight J. Nutr., October 1, 1998; 128(10): 1774 - 1785. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. Stoll, D. G. Burrin, J. Henry, H. Yu, F. Jahoor, and P. J. Reeds Dietary Amino Acids Are the Preferential Source of Hepatic Protein Synthesis in Piglets J. Nutr., September 1, 1998; 128(9): 1517 - 1524. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Wu Intestinal Mucosal Amino Acid Catabolism J. Nutr., August 1, 1998; 128(8): 1249 - 1252. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. B. van Goudoever, B. Stoll, J. F. Henry, D. G. Burrin, and P. J. Reeds Adaptive regulation of intestinal lysine metabolism PNAS, October 10, 2000; 97(21): 11620 - 11625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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