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Relation of Tissue Triglycerides to Dietary Saturated Medium- and Long-chain Triglycerides and Linoleic Acid Level¹

Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York

It has been shown that the linoleate level of diets containing saturated medium- or long-chain triglycerides influences the extent to which these dietary acids are deposited in the epididymal adipose tissue of rats. It has not been shown whether triglycerides from other tissues are similarly affected and to what extent such diets influence the formation of triglycerides having specific structural patterns. Therefore, pure triglycerides (TG) were isolated, by preparative thin-layer chromatography, from total lipid extracts from liver, heart, and epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues of rats fed diets containing no fat or 20% of saturated medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) or long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and supplemented with 0.1 or 2% of linoleic acid. These tissue triglycerides were analyzed for their total fatty acid composition and for that of the 2-position of the glyceride (by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis) and for the percentages of TG molecules having different degrees of unsaturation (by argentation chromatography). The higher linoleic acid supplement favored greater deposition of dietary fatty acids in TG of both adipose tissues but not in those of heart and liver. The heart had higher stearate levels in total TG and higher percentages of palmitate in the 2-position. Saturated TG (S₃) were higher in adipose tissues than in liver and heart. Higher linoleate levels left S₃ unchanged in the group fed no fat, increased it in those fed MCT and decreased it in the LCT-fed group. The data suggest that differences in triglyceride pattern were brought about by dietary fat and linoleate level. Furthermore, it appears that accumulation of S₃ containing high levels of mediumchain acids was beneficial whereas accumulation of S₃ made up mainly of palmitate and stearate was disadvantageous to the animal.

Manuscript received 15 September 1967.