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Effect of Dietary Fat, Protein and Cholesterol on Atherosclerosis in Swine¹

Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

Three trials involving 48 pigs each were conducted to study the effects of high and low levels of energy intake from 2 fat sources (soybean oil versus tallow), protein level (18 versus 12%) and the addition of 1% cholesterol to the above fat sources, on serum cholesterol levels and the incidence of atherosclerotic lesions in the thoracic and abdominal aortas and coronary arteries. The feeding of diets containing tallow generally resulted in a trend toward higher serum cholesterol levels and increased incidence of lesions except in trial 1, where the coronary arteries of the pigs receiving the diets containing soybean oil had the greater incidence. Serum cholesterol levels were unaffected by the levels of energy intake. The effect of caloric intake on the incidence of lesions was inconsistent. The pigs fed the diets containing 12% protein had slightly elevated serum cholesterol levels as opposed to those fed the diets containing 18% protein. The effect of protein level on the incidence of lesions was inconsistent. Cholesterol addition to the diets significantly increased serum cholesterol levels and incidence of lesions as compared with that observed in the pigs on similar diets without cholesterol addition.

² Present address: Biochemistry Section, Mayo Research Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.

Manuscript received 20 December 1965.

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