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Essential Fatty Acid Requirement of Young Swine¹

Department of Animal Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia

Uncastrated male pigs, 3 weeks of age, were fed purified diets containing 6 levels of linoleic acid. One testicle and a sample of scrotal fat were removed by orchiectomy at 5 and 10 weeks to provide biopsy tissue for gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition. Marked alteration in tissue fatty acids was evident after 5 weeks and these differences were accentuated at 10 weeks. A progressive depression of the dienoic and tetraenoic fatty acids occurred, with a corresponding elevation of the trienoic fatty acids, as the dietary level of linoleic acid was decreased. Extensive dermal lesions, typical of EFA deficiency, were observed on all pigs in the group receiving the basal diet. Dermal lesions were also observed in the groups receiving linoleic acid as 0.25 and 0.50% of the dietary calories. Feeding linoleic acid as 1.0% of the dietary calories either prevented or remitted the dermal symptoms, or both. Weight gain was not significantly affected by dietary linoleate level. A plot of the triene-to-tetraene ratio versus the dietary linoleate level indicates that the linoleic acid requirement of the young pig is not more than 2.0% of the dietary calories.

Manuscript received 11 December 1965.

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