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Comparisons of Casein and Soy Proteins upon Mineral Balance and Vitamin D₂ Requirement of the Baby Pig¹

Departments of Animal Husbandry and Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

Comparisons were made of the effects of dietary protein source (casein versus isolated soy protein) upon growth, serum mineral level, skeletal development, mineral balance and vitamin D₂ requirement of the baby pig. Purified casein diets containing zero, 50 or 100 IU of vitamin D₂/kg or soy protein diets containing 50, 100, 250 or 500 IU of vitamin D₂/kg were utilized. The casein diet containing 100 IU of vitamin D₂/kg gave optimal values for all criteria. Using these values as standards, 50 IU of vitamin D₂/kg in a casein diet resulted only in substandard serum and bone Mg concentration. Levels of vitamin D₂ of 50 or 100 IU/kg in soy protein diets gave suboptimal values for many of the criteria. Only soy protein diets containing 500 IU of vitamin D₂/kg produced optimal growth rate. Soy protein diets containing 250 or 500 IU of vitamin D₂/kg gave optimal concentrations of serum Ca, P, Mg and alkaline phosphatase activity and bone ash. Pigs receiving soy protein diets excreted excessive amounts of fecal Ca, P and Mg resulting in decreased mineral retention and this decrease was not overcome by increasing dietary vitamin D₂ levels in this study. The data indicate that the vitamin D₂ requirement of the baby pig receiving purified diets containing isolated soybean protein is greater than the 100 IU/kg requirement level of casein diets and may be several times this level depending upon the criteria selected, the level of isolated soybean protein in the diet and the method of isolation of the soybean protein.

Manuscript received 13 November 1964.