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Journal of Nutrition Vol. 84 No. 3 November 1964, pp. 205-214
Copyright © 1964 by American Society for Nutrition
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Influence of Dietary Cadmium Level and Supplemental Zinc on Cadmium Toxicity in the Bovine1 ,2 ,3

G. W. Powell, W. J. Miller, J. D. Morton and C. M. Clifton

Dairy Department and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia

Growth rate, feed consumption, water intake, and testicle development decreased progressively as the concentration of Cd in the diet increased. Blood hemoglobin decreased slightly when 40 to 160 ppm Cd in the diet were consumed, but increased sharply when higher levels of Cd (640 and 2560 ppm) were fed. Calves fed 640 or 2560 ppm Cd exhibited unthrifty appearance; rough hair coat; severe body dehydration; dry and scaly skin; loss of hair; mouth lesions; edematous, shrunken, and scaly scrotum; sore and enlarged joints; impaired sight; and liver and kidney damage. Feeding 40 to 160 ppm of Cd from 9 to 20 weeks of age resulted in few clinical symptoms. There was 100% mortality in calves given 2560 ppm Cd, with death occurring in 2 to 8 weeks. At the 640 ppm level there was some mortality. When Cd was removed from the diet, a very severely affected calf recovered to normal appearance with a substantial quantity of live, but mostly abnormal, sperm later obtained from the epididymis. The data suggest that addition of zinc partially offset the effects of Cd on calf performance. Kidneys and livers contained the highest concentration of Cd.

1 Journal Paper no. 361 of the College Experiment Station, University of Georgia College of Agriculture Experiment Stations.

2 Most of the data in this paper are taken from a thesis submitted by the senior author.

3 Supported in part by a Graduate Assistantship from the Graduate School of the University of Georgia to the senior author.

Manuscript received 9 May 1964.




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