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Adaptation of the Chick to Dietary Energy Source¹

Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, North Carolina

One-day-old chicks were maintained from 0 to 14 days with high-carbohydrate (CHO) or high-fat (fat) diets. The chicks were then given fatty acid or glucose labeled with C¹⁴ and placed in metabolism cages. Excreta and respiratory CO₂ were collected for 24 hours to determine C¹⁴ dose retention and C¹⁴ O₂ production. Production of C¹⁴ O₂ was used as an index of fatty acid or glucose oxidation. Fat-fed chicks oxidized fatty acid at a maximal rate regardless of age, dietary choline level or dietary fatty acid level. The CHO-fed chicks oxidized fatty acid maximally at one day of age, but the rate decreased with age. Diet had no effect on the oxidation of glucose-C¹⁴. Feeding the fat diet to CHO-adapted chicks at the time of fatty acid-C¹⁴ administration resulted in an increase of fatty acid oxidation to levels comparable to fat adapted chicks. When glucose-C¹⁴ was administered, tissues of chicks fed the CHO diet contained approximately 3 times as much radioactivity in the fat-soluble fraction as did the tissues of chicks fed fat. The results are discussed in terms of growth response to dietary fat.

Manuscript received 1 July 1963.