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Fatty Acid and Lipide Distribution in Egg Yolks from Hens Fed Cottonseed Oil or Sterculia foetida Seeds¹

Departments of Agricultural Chemistry and Poultry Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

Laying hens were fed a ration containing 4.1% of fat, either unsupplemented, or supplemented with 2.5% of crude cottonseed oil or 0.67% of Sterculia foetida seeds. Eggs from each group were used. Egg yolk lipides were fractionated on silicic acid columns, and each lipide fraction was analyzed for fatty acid distribution by gas-liquid chromatography.

No differences in distribution of the various lipide fractions were observed among eggs from the three groups of hens. The yolk lipides contained approximately 64% of triglycerides, 21% of cephalins, 9% of lecithins, and 6% of mono- and diglycerides, sterols, and sterol esters.

The substance giving the Halphen reaction was concentrated in the triglyceride fraction of the egg yolk lipides in eggs from hens fed S. foetida seeds. No measurable amount of sterculic acid was detected in the yolk lipides. Yolk oil from eggs of hens fed crude cottonseed oil did not give a positive Halphen reaction.

Feeding either S. foetida seeds or crude cottonseed oil to laying hens caused them to lay eggs with an increased proportion of saturated fatty acids and a decreased proportion of monoenoic acids. Over 50% of the fatty acids in eggs from hens fed cottonseed oil or S. foetida seeds were saturated. The linoleic acid content was also slightly increased. The saturated fatty acid content of the phospholipides was fairly constant at about 55%, but the dienoic acids increased from 18 to 24% and the monoenoic acids decreased from 28 to 20% of the total fatty acids. Larger changes took place in the fatty acid distribution in the trigylcerides, where the saturated acids increased from 39 to 62%, and the monoenoic acid decreased from 44 to 19% of the total fatty acids in the case of hens fed S. foetida seeds. Linoleic acid increased from 17 to 19%.

Manuscript received 24 September 1960.