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Effects of Diet on Fish Oil Toxicity in the Rat

Western Biological Laboratories, Culver City, California

Immature rats fed a purified low-fat diet supplemented with 10% of fish oil (i.e., crude or refined tuna oil, crude sardine oil, menhaden oil or cod liver oil) showed a highly significant retardation in growth accompanied by diarrhea. These effects were largely counteracted by the concurrent administration of cottonseed oil at a 10% level in the diet. Soybean oil, sesame oil, corn oil and wheat germ oil at a 10% level of feeding were also active in this regard but olive oil, coconut oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, butter fat and lard when fed at a 10% level in the diet had little if any protective effect. Methyl linoleate when fed at levels of 1, 5 or 10% of the diet was without protective effect. -Tocopheryl acetate when incorporated at levels of 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1% in the diet was also inactive. Intraperitoneal injections of -tocopheryl phosphate (10 mg/rat/day, 6 times/week) were likewise ineffective. -Tocopherol, however, when administered at levels of 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1% in the diet had a significant protective effect although less than that obtained with DPPD (N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine) and Santoquin (6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline) when fed at a 0.05% level in the diet or sesamol (the methylene ether of oxyhydroquinone, a constituent of sesame oil with antioxidant properties) when fed at 0.05 or 0.017% levels in the diet. In addition to the materials indicated above, alfalfa meal at a 20% level in the diet, desiccated liver N.F. and Torula yeast at a 10% level of feeding and supplements of casein, fish meal or a mixture of crystalline amino acids at a 10% level in the diet or DL-methionine at a 0.6% level of feeding also had significant activity in preventing growth retardation and diarrhea in immature rats fed a purified low-fat diet supplemented with 10% of crude tuna oil.