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Journal of Nutrition Vol. 62 No. 1 May 1957, pp. 107-118
Copyright © 1957 by American Society for Nutrition
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The Bioassay of Thiamine in Beef Exposed to Gamma Radiation1

E. J. Day, H. E. Sauberlich, H. D. Alexander and W. D. Salmon

Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition, Agricultural Experiment Station of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn

A study has been made on the stability of thiamine in beef when exposed to sterilization doses of gamma radiation. Supplementary studies were made with respect to possible interfering substances in the biological and microbiological assays for thiamine. The following results were obtained:

1. Gamma radiation (approximately 3.0 megarep) destroyed a large portion of the thiamine in raw beef. Results obtained from biological, microbiological and chemical determinations indicated 66, 64 and 61% destruction, respectively. The thiamine assay values obtained by the different methods compared very favorably. The metal container appeared to have very little influence upon the destructive effects of irradiation in these studies.
2. Supplements of thioctic acid had no influence on the growth of rats fed various diets containing optimal or suboptimal levels of thiamine.
3. Glycerol had a protective effect when added to diets containing suboptimal amounts of thiamine but was without effect when added to diets completely deficient in thiamine.
4. The addition of high amounts of ascorbic acid to diets devoid of thiamine increased the growth rate and longevity of rats.
5. While dietary supplements of penicillin had a very marked influence on growth of rats fed thiamine-deficient diets, D-penicillamine had only slight effect and L-penicillamine was without effect.
6. The storage of thiamine in the liver of rats fed thiamine-deficient diets was increased about 4-fold by the addition of penicillin to the diet. A similar effect was also observed with D-penicillamine and ascorbic acid.

1 Published with the approval of the Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute. Supported in part by a grant from the Department of Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Army Medical Service Branch (Contract no. DA-49-007-MD-543). The authors are indebted to the Lederle Laboratories Division, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, New York, for folacin and DL-thioctic acid, the A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company, Decatur, Illinois, for inositol, and Merck and Company, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, for Procaine penicillin G and other vitamins.

Manuscript received 4 December 1956.




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