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Niacin and Anti-Niacin Activity of 3-Acetylpyridine in Dogs¹

Two Figures

National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Bethesda, Maryland

3-AP has been shown to have both niacin and anti-niacin activity. It is about 1/6 as active as NA in increasing urinary excretion of NMN in normal dogs fed a stock diet. Twenty-five to 260 mg of 3-AP daily protected dogs against blacktongue over long periods. Daily doses of 25 to 60 mg of 3-AP were sufficient to cure blacktongue.

Niacin-deficient dogs appeared to have a diminished capacity to convert 3-AP to niacin as shown by urinary NMN excretion studies and by the fact that doses of 25 to 260 mg of 3-AP were highly toxic in deficient dogs but relatively well tolerated by normal dogs. NA prevented 3-AP toxicity but was ineffective once the toxic syndrome had developed.

The data suggest that animals have a limited capacity to transform 3-AP to niacin. When the dosage of 3-AP exceeds this capacity, the 3-AP molecule acts as a specific antagonist to niacin.

² The data presented herein were taken, in part, from a thesis submitted by E. G. McDaniel to the Graduate School of the George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.

Manuscript received 21 October 1954.