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Body Fat Deposition

The Influence of Lard, Olive Oil and Some Simple Triglycerides on Rat Body Fats^{1, 2,}

Department of Physiological Chemistry and The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis and Austin

Fat deposition was studied in two groups of rats by conditioning the rats for 30 days on diets containing either 15% tripalmitin or 15% olive oil. Each of these groups was then divided into subgroups and put on various test diets for 10 days. The animals were then sacrificed and analyses of the lipids in the various body tissues were made.

The test diets included a fat-free diet, a tripalmitin diet, a triolein diet, and a tripalmitin-trilinolein diet. The lipid analysis of the samples obtained included: unsaponifiable matter, total fatty acids, melting point, neutralization equivalent, iodine value, fatty acid composition and peroxide value.

From the data obtained, it is concluded that:

1. The effect of tripalmitin conditioning with a diet deficient in essential fatty acids was manifest in rat body fats by: a depletion of fat reserves, a decrease of iodine value of body fats, a depletion of diethenoic and tetraethenoic acids, a relative increase of monoethenoic acids of liver, pooled organs, and hams samples with relative decreases of saturated acids for the same samples. The relative amounts of monoethenoic acids in such an experiment appear to be correlated with the amount of dietary choline.

2. Diethenoic acids increased markedly in all body fats of rats conditioned on olive oil and transferred to a tripalmitin-trilinolein dietary regimen. Diethenoic acids increased markedly only in depot fats (perirenal and mesenteries) of rats conditioned on a tripalmitin diet deficient in essential fatty acids and placed on a tripalmitin-trilinolein dietary regimen.

3. Following depletion of tetraethenoic acids in rats by tripalmitin conditioning with a diet deficient in essential fatty acids, the tetraethenoic acids of the liver showed a substantial increase when the animals were placed on a tripalmitin-trilinolein dietary regimen for 10 days.

4. The effects obtained on body fats of differently conditioned animals by placing groups of the animals for 10 days on several new diets differing from the conditioning diets in the fat component is discussed.

² Hormel Institute publication no. 102.

³ Present address: The Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N. E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City 4, Oklahoma.

Manuscript received 18 May 1954.