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Journal of Nutrition Vol. 54 No. 2 October 1954, pp. 193-199
Copyright © 1954 by American Society for Nutrition
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The Effect of Fat Level of the Diet on General Nutrition

XII. The Requirement of Essential Fatty Acids for Pregnancy and Lactation1, 2,

Harry J. Deuel, Jr., Charlotte Roe Martin and Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater

Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medioine, University of Southern, California, Los Angeles

In studies designed to determine whether or not fats are necessary for successful pregnancy and lactation and, if so, in what amounts, the following conclusions were reached:

1. Dietary fat is not required by the female rat for conception or for the completion of pregnancy when the diets are otherwise complete.
2. However, fat is required in the diet of the mother to insure the survival of the pups after birth. Although, in some cases, daily doses of cottonseed oil as low as 10 mg insured the survival of the pups for three days, as much as 200 mg of cottonseed oil were required per day for optimum results.
3. The optimum daily requirement of cottonseed oil for lactation, as determined by the weight of the young at 21 days, was found to be between 100 mg and 200 mg.
4. The constituents of the fat responsible for the survival of the young and for satisfactory lactation appear to be the essential fatty acids.

1 This work was carried out under a research grant from The Best Foods, Inc. The authors wish to acknowledge the helpful advice of Professor Anton J. Carlson of the University of Chicago, of Professor Arthur W. Thomas of Columbia University, and of Dr. H. W. Vahlteich, Dr. Chester M. Gooding, and Dr. Daniel Melnick of The Best Foods, Inc., during the course of these experiments.

We wish to thank Merck and Co., Hoffman-LaRoche, and Lederle Laboratories for the synthetic vitamins used in the basal diet.

2 Contribution no. 356 of the Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Southern California.

Manuscript received 9 April 1954.




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