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Studies in Protein Nutrition of the Chick

I. The Influence of Different Protein Concentrates on the Growth of Baby Chicks, when Fed as the Source of Protein in Various Simplified Diets

(From the Nutrition Laboratory of the Department of Poultry Husbandry, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada.

1. Equal amounts of crude protein (N x 6.25) from buttermilk powder, fish meal or meat meal had practically the same effect on growth when supplementing a basal diet composed of marmite 15 per cent, cod-liver oil 3 per cent, bone ash to make the total ash of all the diets 4.36 per cent, and white rice to 100. Taking into account the high mortality with the fish meal and meat meal diets, the best results were obtained with buttermilk powder. Supplementing the same basal diet with an equal amount of crude protein from cod-liver meal gave subnormal growth, indicating the protein of this material to be of poorer biological value so far as growth is concerned. In all cases the protein supplements were freed from the variable amount of fat which they contained by extracting with ether.

2. An attempt to reduce the amount of extraneous nitrogenous substances in the basal diet by substituting ground paper pulp and dextrin for the white rice resulted in more or less complete failure in growth. Varying the amount of fibre (paper pulp) in the diet did not result in any significant improvement.

3. It has not been found possible to grow normal chicks on a diet in which the sole source of protein is of animal origin. The inclusion of white rice in the simplified basal diets used in these experiments had a pronounced effect in improving the growth, preventing the occurrence of legweakness, and reducing the mortality, which does not appear to be explainable from our present knowledge of the nutritional requirements of the growing chick. Some evidence is discussed which suggests that the effect is due to the rice protein and that some protein of vegetable origin, or some as yet unidentified substance, or substances, associated with vegetable material is necessary for normal chick nutrition.

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