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Amino Acid Deficiencies of Raw and Overheated Soybean Oil Meal for Chicks¹

Divisions of Poultry Husbandry and Chemistry, Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman, Washington

Data obtained with chicks using a diet in which soybean oil meal supplied all of the protein permit the following conclusions regarding the effect of autoclaving on the biological value of soybean oil meal proteins:

1. Chick growth was not improved by supplementing a diet containing raw soybean oil meal with cystine. The addition of methionine to this diet gave a growth response that was not maximum.

2. Autoclaving raw soybean oil meal at 100°C. for 30 minutes gave a marked increase in its nutritive value as shown by chick growth. Neither methionine nor cystine nor a combination of these 2 amino acids improved chick growth when added to the diet containing soybean oil meal autoclaved at 100°C. for 30 minutes. Furthermore, a combination of cystine, methionine, and lysine failed to improve growth.

3. The nutritive value of soybean oil meal was decreased by autoclaving at 130°C. for 60 minutes. The heat damage to the soybean proteins caused by this treatment was not corrected by the addition of methionine, cystine, or lysine. A combination of these 3 amino acids corrected the heat damage caused by this autoclaving treatment.

4. The growth response given by autoclaving raw soybean oil meal at 100°C. for 30 minutes was more than twice as great as the response given by a supplement of methionine. This indicates that autoclaving raw soybean oil meal improves the nutritive value by affecting the availability of nutrients other than cystine or methionine.

5. The methionine requirement of the chick appeared to be not more than 0.26% when the diet contained 0.46% cystine. It may be possible that New Hampshire chicks require less methionine than White Leghorns.

² Present address, Division of Chemistry, Michigan State College, East Lansing, Michigan.

Manuscript received 23 July 1947.