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Sensory Neuron Degeneration in Pigs

IV. Protection Afforded by Calcium Pantothenate and Pyridoxine^1,2,

Six Figures

Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

1. Young pigs fed a ration of crude casein, lard, sucrose and a salt mixture, supplemented with thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, choline, calcium pantothenate and cod liver oil developed normally and exhibited no changes in the nervous system during life or at autopsy.

2. Pigs similarly fed but receiving supplements of B vitamins which failed to include either calcium pantothenate or pyridoxine, developed an abnormal gait and showed degenerative changes in the peripheral nerves, the posterior root ganglia, the posterior roots, and the posterior funiculi of the spinal cord.

3. In the animals whose supplements did not contain calcium pantothenate, a subacute inflammation of the colon was found, in addition to the changes in the nervous system.

4. In the animals whose supplements did not contain pyridoxine, epileptiform convulsions and anemia were observed in addition to the above changes in the nervous system. Both the convulsions and the anemia disappeared promptly following the administration of pyridoxine.

5. When thiamine was not furnished with the vitamin supplements no changes in the nervous system were observed although other signs attributable to thiamine deficiency developed.

6. The omission of choline was associated with some abnormality of gait in all of three animals but lesions were observed in the nervous system of only one. These lesions, furthermore, differed from those observed in association with pyridoxine or pantothenic acid deficiency.

7. The results of observations on 118 pigs are summarized and the signs of chronic deficiency of various water soluble vitamins are presented.

8. It is concluded that both pyridoxine and pantothenic acid are necessary in maintaining the integrity of the nervous system in the pig under the conditions of these experiments.

² These observations were presented in abstract form at the 29th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Experimental Pathology in Boston, Massachusetts, April 3, 1942.

³ Upjohn Fellow in Medicine.

⁴ Fleischmann Fellow in Medicine.

⁵ Adrian Stokes Memorial Fellow, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.

Manuscript received 4 May 1942.

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