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Nutrition and Disease

An Oil Mixture with Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Increases Markers of Inflammation and in Vivo Lipid Peroxidation Compared with Cis-9, Trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Postmenopausal Women^1,2

³ Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; ⁴ Biochemistry and Nutrition Group, BioCentrum, DTU, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; ⁵ Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health Caring Science, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden; and ⁶ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tth{at}life.ku.dk.

A mixture of trans-10, cis-12 (t10,c12) and cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA mixture) reduced atherosclerosis in animals, thus the effect of these isomers on endothelial dysfunctions leading to inflammation and atherosclerosis is of interest. We gave 75 healthy postmenopausal women a daily supplement of 5.5 g of oil rich in either CLA mixture, an oil rich in the naturally occurring c9,t11 CLA (CLA milk), respectively, or olive oil for 16 wk in a double-blind, randomized, parallel intervention study. We sampled blood and urine before and after the intervention. The ratios of total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol and concentrations of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly higher in women supplemented with the CLA mixture than in those supplemented with CLA milk. Plasma triacylglycerol was significantly higher and HDL cholesterol was lower in women supplemented with the CLA mixture than with olive oil. Both CLA supplements increased lipid peroxidation, a marker of in vivo oxidative stress measured as urinary free 8-iso-prostaglandin F₂. However, the CLA mixture increased lipid peroxidation more than the CLA milk did. The plasma cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor- were not affected by the treatments, nor were any of the other variables measured. In conclusion, oil containing trans-10,cis-12 CLA has several adverse effects on classical and novel markers of coronary vascular disease, whereas the c9,t11 CLA isomer is more neutral, except for a small but significant increase in lipid peroxidation compared with olive oil.

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