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Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

Supplemental Sodium Butyrate Stimulates Different Gastric Cells in Weaned Pigs^1–3,

⁴ Department of Agri-food Protection and Improvement, University of Bologna, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy; ⁵ Department of Agro-Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, 42100 Bologna, Italy; ⁶ Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Joint Research Unit for Livestock Production Systems, Animal and Human Nutrition, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France; ⁷ Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Science, Jablonna, Poland; and ⁸ Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology and Animal Production, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: paolo.bosi{at}unibo.it

Sodium butyrate (SB) is used as an acidifier in animal feed. We hypothesized that supplemental SB impacts gastric morphology and function, depending on the period of SB provision. The effect of SB on the oxyntic and pyloric mucosa was studied in 4 groups of 8 pigs, each supplemented with SB either during the suckling period (d 4–28 of age), after weaning (d 29 to 39–40 of age) or both, or never. We assessed the number of parietal cells immunostained for H+/K+-ATPase, gastric endocrine cells immunostained for chromogranin A and somatostatin (SST) in the oxyntic mucosa, and gastrin-secreting cells in the pyloric mucosa. Gastric muscularis and mucosa thickness were measured. Expressions of the H+/K+-ATPase and SST type 2 receptor (SSTR2) genes in the oxyntic mucosa and of the gastrin gene in the pyloric mucosa were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. SB increased the number of parietal cells per gland regardless of the period of administration (P < 0.05). SB addition after, but not before, weaning increased the number of enteroendocrine and SST-positive cells (P < 0.01) and tended to increase gastrin mRNA (P = 0.09). There was an interaction between the 2 periods of SB treatment for the expression of H/K-ATPase and SSTR2 genes (P < 0.05). Butyrate intake after weaning increased gastric mucosa thickness (P < 0.05) but not muscularis. SB used orally at a low dose affected gastric morphology and function, presumably in relationship with its action on mucosal maturation and differentiation.