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Nutrition and Disease

An Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Rich in Polyphenolic Compounds Has Antioxidant Effects in Of1 Mice^1,2

³ Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, CIBERDEM, University of Pablo de Olavide of Seville, 41092 Seville, Spain; ⁴ Department of Physiology and Biophysic, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, CP-13.083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and ⁵ Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fmarber{at}upo.es.

Extra-virgin olive oil (OO) is becoming more important in daily diets due to its beneficial effects on health, most of which are because of its antioxidant content. We studied the antioxidant activity and mechanisms of an extra-virgin OO that is rich in phenolics on pancreatic islets and liver in control mice (CTL) fed a nonpurified diet and in mice supplemented with 50 µL/d sunflower oil (SO) or 50 µL/d extra-virgin OO for 4 d. Plasma hydroxytyrosol concentration was determined by HPLC-diode array detector. Plasma antioxidant capacity, enzymatic activities, and lipid peroxidation were measured by spectrophotometry. Islet function was studied by measuring insulin release. Islet cell gene expression was examined using quantitative RT-PCR. The plasma hydroxytyrosol concentration was greater in OO mice than in CTL or SO mice (P < 0.05) and was greater in SO mice than in CTL mice. The ratio of reduced:oxidized glutathione and the antioxidant capacity in plasma was greater in OO mice than in CTL or SO mice (P < 0.05) and higher in SO mice than in CTL mice. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was greater in OO mice than in CTL or SO mice (P < 0.05) and was also higher in SO mice than in CTL mice. Protection against liver cell and β cell membrane lipid peroxidation was greater in OO mice than in CTL or SO mice (P < 0.05) and was greater in SO mice than in CTL mice. Catalase (CAT) expression in the islet of Langerhans was higher in OO mice than in CTL mice and SO mice (P < 0.05). The CAT and glutathione peroxidase 1 activities in the islet of Langerhans were 25% greater in OO mice than in CTL mice and higher than in SO mice (P < 0.05) and they were greater in SO mice than in CTL mice. These results indicate that, in metabolic tissues, protection by extra-virgin OO against oxidative stress occurs primarily through a direct antioxidant effect as well as through an indirect mechanism that involves greater expression and activity of certain enzymes with antioxidant activities.