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Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

Dietary Sugars Stimulate Fatty Acid Synthesis in Adults^1–3,

⁴ Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9052; ⁵ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0018; and ⁶ Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: elizabeth.parks{at}utsouthwestern.edu.

The goal of this study was to determine the magnitude by which acute consumption of fructose in a morning bolus would stimulate lipogenesis (measured by infusion of ¹³C₁-acetate and analysis by GC-MS) immediately and after a subsequent meal. Six healthy subjects [4 men and 2 women; aged (mean ± SD) 28 ± 8 y; BMI, 24.3 ± 2.8 kg/m²; and serum triacylglycerols (TG), 1.03 ± 0.32 mmol/L] consumed carbohydrate boluses of sugars (85 g each) in a random and blinded order, followed by a standardized lunch 4 h later. Subjects completed a control test of glucose (100:0) and a mixture of 50:50 glucose:fructose and one of 25:75 (wt:wt). Following the morning boluses, serum glucose and insulin after 100:0 were greater than both other treatments (P < 0.05) and this pattern occurred again after lunch. In the morning, fractional lipogenesis was stimulated when subjects ingested fructose and peaked at 15.9 ± 5.4% after the 50:50 treatment and at 16.9 ± 5.2% after the 25:75 treatment, values that were greater than after the 100:0 treatment (7.8 ± 5.7%; P < 0.02). When fructose was consumed, absolute lipogenesis was 2-fold greater than when it was absent (100:0). Postlunch, serum TG were 11–29% greater than 100:0 and TG-rich lipoprotein-TG concentrations were 76–200% greater after 50:50 and 25:75 were consumed (P < 0.05). The data demonstrate that an early stimulation of lipogenesis after fructose, consumed in a mixture of sugars, augments subsequent postprandial lipemia. The postlunch blood TG elevation was only partially due to carry-over from the morning. Acute intake of fructose stimulates lipogenesis and may create a metabolic milieu that enhances subsequent esterification of fatty acids flowing to the liver to elevate TG synthesis postprandially.

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