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Nutritional Epidemiology

The French National Nutrition and Health Program Score Is Associated with Nutritional Status and Risk of Major Chronic Diseases^1–3,

⁴ UMR U557 INSERM, U1125 INRA and Paris 13 University, CNAM, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-IdF, 93017 Bobigny, France and ⁵ Unité de Surveillance et d'Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Institut de Veille Sanitaire; PARIS 13 University, CNAM, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine-IdF, 93017 Bobigny, France and ⁶ Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne, 93017 Bobigny, France

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: c.estaquio{at}uren.smbh.univ-paris13.fr.

Few studies have found that adherence to dietary guidelines reduces the incidence of chronic disease. In 2001, a National Nutrition and Health Program (Program National Nutrition Santé) was implemented in France and included 9 quantified priority nutritional goals involving fruit, vegetable, and nutrient intakes, nutritional status, and physical activity. We developed an index score that includes indicators of these public health objectives and examined the association between this score and the incidence of major chronic diseases in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants cohort. Data from middle-aged adults free of major chronic diseases and who provided at least 3 24-h dietary records during the first 2 y of follow-up have been included in the present analysis (n = 4,976). Major chronic disease, documented during the 8-y follow-up period (n = 455), was defined as the combination of cardiovascular disease (n = 131), cancer (n = 261), or death (n = 63), whichever came first. In fully adjusted Cox models, men in the top tertile score compared with those in the lowest one had a 36% lower risk of major chronic diseases (hazard ratio = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44–0.96). No association was found in women. Healthy diet and lifestyle were associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, particularly in men, thereby underlying relevance of the French nutritional recommendations.