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Biochemical, Molecular, and Genetic Mechanisms

Dietary Protein Quality and Feed Restriction Influence Abundance of Nutrient Transporter mRNA in the Small Intestine of Broiler Chicks^1,2

³ Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 and ⁴ Aviagen, Huntsville, AL 35805

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ewong{at}vt.edu.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary protein quality on intestinal peptide transporter (PepT1), amino acid transporter [Na⁺-independent cationic and zwiterionic amino acid transporter (b^o,+AT), excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), Na⁺-independent cationic and Na⁺-dependent neutral amino acid transporter (y⁺LAT2), and Na⁺-independent cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CAT2)], glucose transporter [Na⁺-dependent glucose and galactose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and Na⁺-independent glucose, galactose, and fructose transporter 2 (GLUT2)], and digestive enzyme [aminopeptidase N (APN)] mRNA abundance in 2 lines of broilers (A and B). At day of hatch (doh), chicks from both lines were randomly assigned to corn-based diets containing 24% crude protein with either soybean meal (SBM) or corn gluten meal (CGM) as the supplemental protein source. Chicks were given unlimited access to feed and water. Groups of chicks from both lines were also assigned to the SBM diet at a quantity restricted to that consumed by the CGM group (SBM-RT). Intestinal transporter and enzyme mRNA abundance was assayed by real-time PCR using the absolute quantification method. Abundance of PepT1, EAAT3, and GLUT2 mRNA was greater in Line B (P < 0.03), whereas APN and SGLT1 were greater in Line A (P < 0.04). When feed intake was equal (CGM vs. restricted SBM), a greater abundance of PepT1 and b^o,+AT mRNA was associated with the higher quality SBM (P < 0.04), whereas a greater abundance of EAAT3 and GLUT2 mRNA was associated with the lower quality CGM (P < 0.01). When feed intake was restricted (SBM vs. SBM-RT), a greater abundance of PepT1 mRNA was associated with the restricted intake (P < 0.04). These data demonstrate that both dietary protein quality and feed restriction influence expression of nutrient transporter mRNA in the small intestine of broiler chicks.