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Supplement: The Examination of Two Short Dietary Assessment Methods, within the Context of Multiple Behavioral Change Interventions in Adult Populations

Social Desirability Trait Influences on Self-Reported Dietary Measures among Diverse Participants in a Multicenter Multiple Risk Factor Trial^1,2

³ South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; ⁴ Department of Nutrition and Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; ⁵ Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ⁶ Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; ⁷ Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; ⁸ South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Columbia, SC 29204; ⁹ Biometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; ¹⁰ Departments of Medicine, Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, and Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642; and ¹¹ Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jhebert{at}sc.edu.

Data collected at 4 Behavioral Change Consortium sites were used to assess social desirability bias in self-reports derived from a dietary fat screener (PFat), a dietary fruit and vegetable screener (FVS), and a 1-item question on fruit and vegetable intake. Comparisons were made with mean intakes derived from up to 3 24-h recall interviews at baseline and follow-up (at 12 mo in 3 sites, 6 mo in the fourth). A social-desirability-related underestimate in fat intake on the PFat relative to the 24HR (percentage energy as fat) was evident in women [baseline b = –0.56 (P = 0.005); follow-up b = –0.62 (P < 0.001)]. There was an overestimate in FVS-derived fruit and vegetable consumption (servings/week) in men enrolled in any intervention at follow-up (b = 0.39, P = 0.05) vs. baseline (b = 0.04, P = 0.75). The 1-item fruit and vegetable question was associated with an overestimate at baseline in men according to SD score (b = 0.14, P = 0.02), especially men with less than college education (b = 0.23, P = 0.01). Women with less than college education expressed a similar bias at follow-up (b = 0.13, P = 0.02). Differences in the magnitude of bias according to gender, type of instrument used, and randomization condition are comparable to what has been seen for other instruments and have important implications for both measuring change in studies of diet and health outcomes and for developing methods to control for such biases.

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