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Supplement: Aromatic Amino Acids and Related Substances: Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, and Application: SESSION 2

Aromatic L-Amino Acids Activate the Calcium-Sensing Receptor^1–3,

School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: a.conigrave{at}mmb.usyd.edu.au.

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is recognized as a member of class 3 of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. Members of this subgroup, which have large N-terminal extracellular domains, include receptors that respond specifically to the amino acid glutamate; receptors that respond to the glutamate analogue, -amino butyric acid; and several receptors that act as broad-spectrum amino acid sensors. The CaR is one of these broad-spectrum amino acid sensors that, along with several other members of the subgroup, also responds to extracellular Ca²⁺. In this mini-review, we consider evidence that the CaR is a sensor of aromatic amino acids, that it has broad-spectrum amino acid sensing properties, that it provides an amino acid binding site in its extracellular N-terminal Venus Fly Trap domain, and that amino acids have a physiological impact on systems in which the CaR is expressed.

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