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Nutrition and Disease

Whole-Grain Foods Do Not Affect Insulin Sensitivity or Markers of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Healthy, Moderately Overweight Subjects^1,2

³ Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden and ⁴ Department of Food Science, the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences (SLU), 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: agneta.andersson{at}pubcare.uu.se.

High intakes of whole grain foods are inversely related to the incidence of coronary heart diseases and type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet rich in whole grains compared with a diet containing the same amount of refined grains on insulin sensitivity and markers of lipid peroxidation and inflammation. In a randomized crossover study, 22 women and 8 men (BMI 28 ± 2) were given either whole-grain or refined-grain products (3 bread slices, 2 crisp bread slices, 1 portion muesli, and 1 portion pasta) to include in their habitual daily diet for two 6-wk periods. Peripheral insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp tests. 8-Iso-prostaglandin F₂ (8-iso PGF₂), an F₂-isoprostane, was measured in the urine as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein and IL-6 were analyzed in plasma as markers of inflammation. Peripheral insulin sensitivity [mg glucose · kg body wt^–1 · min^–1 per unit plasma insulin (mU/L) x 100] did not improve when subjects consumed whole-grain products (6.8 ± 3.0 at baseline and 6.5 ± 2.7 after 6 wk) or refined products (6.4 ± 2.9 and 6.9 ± 3.2, respectively) and there were no differences between the 2 periods. Whole-grain consumption also did not affect 8-iso-PGF₂ in urine, IL-6 and C-reactive protein in plasma, blood pressure, or serum lipid concentrations. In conclusion, substitution of whole grains (mainly based on milled wheat) for refined-grain products in the habitual daily diet of healthy moderately overweight adults for 6-wk did not affect insulin sensitivity or markers of lipid peroxidation and inflammation.

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