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Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

Molybdenum Intake Influences Molybdenum Kinetics in Men¹

² USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705 and ³ USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: janet.novotny{at}ars.usda.gov.

The objectives of this study were to determine physiologic adaptations that occur when humans are exposed to a wide range of molybdenum intake levels and to identify the pathways that are influenced by dietary intake. Four males consumed each of 5 daily molybdenum intakes of 22, 72, 121, 467, and 1490 µg/d (0.23, 0.75, 1.3, 4.9, and 15.5 µmol/d) for 24 d each. During each treatment period, oral and intravenous doses of ¹⁰⁰Mo and ⁹⁷Mo were administered. Serial plasma, urine, and fecal samples were analyzed for labeled and unlabeled molybdenum. Compartmental modeling was used to determine rates of distribution and elimination at each dietary intake level. Three pathways were sensitive to daily molybdenum intake. With increasing intake, absorption and urinary molybdenum excretion increased, whereas the fraction deposited in tissues decreased. Kinetic analysis suggested a daily intake of 115–120 µg/d (1.20–1.25 µmol/d) would maintain initial plasma molybdenum levels at their prestudy values and that their prestudy dietary intake was well above the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 45 µg/d. The physiological adaptations to changing intake that the model demonstrated may help prevent molybdenum deficiency and toxicity.