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Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

The Rate of Intestinal Glucose Absorption Is Correlated with Plasma Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Concentrations in Healthy Men¹

Renate E. Wachters-Hagedoorn^*,2, Marion G. Priebe^*, Janneke A. J. Heimweg^*, A. Marius Heiner^*, Klaus N. Englyst^**, Jens. J. Holst, Frans Stellaard^* and Roel J. Vonk^*

^* Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; ^** Englyst Carbohydrates, Research and Services, Southampton, UK; and Department of Medical Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m.g.priebe{at}med.umcg.nl.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) both play a role in the control of glucose homeostasis, and GIP is implicated in the regulation of energy storage. The capacity of carbohydrates to induce secretion of these incretin hormones could be one of the factors determining the metabolic quality of different types of carbohydrates. We analyzed the correlation between the rate of intestinal absorption of (starch-derived) glucose and plasma concentrations of GLP-1 and GIP after ingestion of glucose and starchy foods with a different content of rapidly and slowly available glucose. In a crossover study, glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and GIP concentrations were monitored for 6 h after consumption of glucose, uncooked cornstarch (UCCS) or corn pasta in 7 healthy men. All test meals were naturally labeled with ¹³C. Using a primed, continuous D-[6,6-²H₂]glucose infusion, the rate of appearance of exogenous glucose (RaEx) was estimated, reflecting the rate of intestinal glucose absorption. GLP-1 concentrations increased significantly from 180 to 300 min after ingestion of UCCS, the starch product with a high content of slowly available glucose. A high GIP response in the early postprandial phase (15–90 min) occurred after consumption of glucose. There was a strong positive within-subject correlation between RaEx and GIP concentrations (r = 0.73, P < 0.01) across the test meals. Rapidly and slowly digestible carbohydrates differ considerably in their ability to stimulate secretion of incretin hormones; the metabolic consequences of such differences warrant exploration.

KEY WORDS: • starch • glucose absorption • glucagon like peptide-1 • glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide • stable isotopes

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