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Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

The Increase in Human Muscle Protein Synthesis Induced by Food Intake Is Similar When Assessed with the Constant Infusion and Flooding Techniques¹

Giuseppe Caso^*,2, Peter J. Garlick, Lisa M. Ballou^**,, James A. Vosswinkel^*, Marie C. Gelato^** and Margaret A. McNurlan^*

^* Department of Surgery and ^** Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: giuseppe.caso{at}stonybrook.edu.

Food intake is accompanied by a stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. However, the reported magnitude of the response differs with different methods of measurement. The aim of this study was to assess whether the response to feeding is dependent on the technique used for measurement when length and amount of feeding are controlled. Muscle protein fractional synthesis rates (FSRs) were measured both in the fasting and feeding states in 2 groups of healthy volunteers (n = 8). Two techniques were used to measure FSR: in one group, FSRs were assessed with a primed constant infusion of L-[²H₅]phenylalanine, whereas in the other, a flooding amount of the same label was employed. The fasting FSRs assessed with the constant infusion method and estimated using the free amino acid in the tissue fluid to represent the precursor pool for protein synthesis were comparable to those obtained with the flooding method (1.94 ± 0.15 vs. 1.86 ± 0.13%/d). The degree of stimulation due to feeding (P < 0.02) did not differ between the constant infusion (+15%) and flooding (+22%) techniques. The stimulatory effect of feeding on muscle FSR was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of the M_r = 70,000 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, suggesting that it may involve activation of translation. This study demonstrates that human muscle FSRs obtained with the constant infusion technique are comparable to those obtained with the flooding method and that, in response to feeding, the 2 techniques give comparable estimates of stimulation.

KEY WORDS: • feeding • L-[²H₅]phenylalanine • translation initiation • p70^S6K • 4E-BP1

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