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Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

A Continuous Dietary Supply of Free Calcium Formate Negatively Affects the Parietal Cell Population and Gastric RNA Expression for H⁺/K⁺-ATPase in Weaning Pigs^1–3,

Paolo Bosi^*,4, Maurizio Mazzoni^*, Sara De Filippi^*, Paolo Trevisi^*, Luisa Casini^*, Gregorio Petrosino and Giovanna Lalatta-Costerbosa^**

^* DIPROVAL, University of Bologna, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy; DISAVA, University of Campobasso, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; and ^** DIMORFIPA, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy

⁴ To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: paolo.bosi{at}unibo.it.

Baby formula acidification can be used to reduce diarrhea. Calcium formate is a dietary acidifier frequently used in animal weaning diets; it is also a source of available calcium. Gastric acidification reduces gastrin release and hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion. To study the medium-term effects on fundic gastric mucosa, we fed weaning pigs control diets or diets supplemented with free or fat-protected calcium formate. We evaluated the following: 1) the number of HCl-secreting parietal cells, by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against H⁺/K⁺-ATPase; 2) the number of enteroendocrine cells immunohistochemically stained with chromogranin A (CGA), somatostatin, and histamine (HIS); and 3) the expression of the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase gene, by real-time RT-PCR in the oxyntic mucosa. Cells co-staining for CGA and HIS were defined as enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. Pigs fed calcium formate had fewer parietal cells and a lower expression of the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase gene than the controls (P < 0.05). This reduction did not occur in pigs fed fat-protected calcium formate. Somatostatin immune-reactive cells were also more numerous in pigs fed free calcium formate than in controls (P < 0.05). The number of ECL cells was not affected. Using covariance analysis, the number of parietal cells explained part of the differences in the expression of H⁺/K⁺-ATPase gene (positive correlation, r = 0.385, P < 0.01), and excluded the statistical significance of the diet. In the future, the effects on the oxyntic mucosa should be checked when the diet supplemented with calcium formate is discontinued. Furthermore, a reduction in the number of parietal cells could impair the absorption of vitamin B-12 due to a reduced secretion of the intrinsic factor by these cells.

KEY WORDS: • pigs • weaning • acidifiers • parietal cells • H⁺/K⁺-ATPase

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				M. Mazzoni, M. Le Gall, S. De Filippi, L. Minieri, P. Trevisi, J. Wolinski, G. Lalatta-Costerbosa, J.-P. Lalles, P. Guilloteau, and P. Bosi Supplemental Sodium Butyrate Stimulates Different Gastric Cells in Weaned Pigs J. Nutr., August 1, 2008; 138(8): 1426 - 1431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]