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Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions

Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acids Reduce Plasma F₂-Isoprostanes but Not Prostaglandin F₂ in Healthy Humans¹

Cecilia Nälsén^*,2, Bengt Vessby^*, Lars Berglund, Matti Uusitupa^**, Kjeld Hermansen, Gabrielle Riccardi, Angela Rivellese, Len Storlien, Arja Erkkilä^**, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala^**, Linda Tapsell and Samar Basu^*

The KANWU Study Group at ^* Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; ^** Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus Sygehus THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Research Unit, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cecilia.nalsen{at}pubcare.uu.se.

(n-3) Fatty acids are unsaturated and are therefore easily subject to oxidization; however, they have several beneficial health effects, which include protection against cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether (n-3) fatty acids, with a controlled fat quality in the background diet, affect nonenzymatic and enzymatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in humans. A total of 162 men and women in a multicenter study (The KANWU study) were randomly assigned to a diet containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) for 3 mo. Within each diet group, there was a second random assignment to supplementation with fish-oil capsules [3.6 g (n-3) fatty acids/d] or placebo. Biomarkers of nonenzymatic and enzymatic lipid peroxidation in vivo were determined by measuring 8-iso-prostaglandin F₂ (8-iso-PGF₂) and prostaglandin F₂ (PGF₂) concentrations in plasma at baseline and after 3 mo. Antioxidant status was determined by measuring plasma antioxidant capacity with an enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The plasma 8-iso-PGF₂ concentration was significantly decreased after 3 mo of supplementation with (n-3) fatty acids (P = 0.015), whereas the PGF₂ concentration was not affected. The antioxidant status was not affected by supplementation of (n-3) fatty acids, but was improved by the background diet with a high proportion of MUFA. We conclude that supplementation with (n-3) fatty acids decreases nonenzymatic free radical–catalyzed isoprostane formation, but does not affect cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin formation.

KEY WORDS: • isoprostanes • prostaglandins • fatty acids • oxidative stress • antioxidant status

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