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Nutrition and Disease

Baseline Plasma C-Reactive Protein Concentrations Influence Lipid and Lipoprotein Responses to Low-Fat and High Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Diets in Healthy Men¹

Sophie Desroches^*, W. Roodly Archer^*, Marie-Eve Paradis^*, Olivier Dériaz, Patrick Couture^**, Jean Bergeron^**, Nathalie Bergeron and Benoît Lamarche^*,2

^* Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, QC, Canada; Clinique romande de réadaptation, SUVA, Sion, Switzerland; ^** Lipid Research Center, CHUL Research Center, QC, Canada; and College of Pharmacy, Touro University-California, Vallejo, CA

² To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: benoit.lamarche{at}inaf.ulaval.ca.

To date, no studies have compared the effects of consuming a low-fat diet and a high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet, under unrestricted energy intake conditions, on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Men [n = 61; 37.5 ± 11.5 y old (mean ± SD), mean BMI 29.0 ± 5.0 kg/m²] were randomly assigned to consume ad libitum a moderately low-fat diet (25.8% of energy intake from fat) or a high-fat diet rich in MUFA (40.1% of energy intake from fat, 22.5% from MUFA) for 6–7 wk. Plasma CRP concentrations were measured using a highly sensitive assay. Neither diet affected the plasma CRP concentration. However, baseline CRP concentrations predicted lipoprotein/lipid responsiveness to the experimental diets. After intake of the low-fat diet, plasma total and VLDL-triglyceride (TG) concentrations were increased in the subgroup with high CRP concentrations (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) whereas they were reduced in the subgroup with low CRP concentrations at baseline (P < 0.01 for both). The high-MUFA diet reduced plasma TG, VLDL-TG, and VLDL cholesterol only in the subgroup with low CRP at baseline (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the low-fat diet and the high-MUFA diet did not affect plasma CRP concentrations. However, baseline plasma CRP concentrations may modulate the diet-induced changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.

KEY WORDS: • diet • inflammation • lipoproteins

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