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Supplement: Significance of Garlic and Its Constituents in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease

Aged Garlic Extract Has Potential Suppressive Effect on Colorectal Adenomas in Humans¹

Shinji Tanaka^*,3, Ken Haruma, Masaharu Yoshihara, Goro Kajiyama, Kazuya Kira, Harunobu Amagase^#,2 and Kazuaki Chayama^**

^* Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734–8551, Japan, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan, ^** Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734–8551, Japan, Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739–8521, Japan, Onomichi General Hospital, Onomichi 722–8508, Japan, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata 739–1195, Japan, and ^# Wakunaga of America Co., Ltd., Mission Viejo, CA 92691

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: colon{at}hiroshima-u.ac.jp.

Epidemiological and animal studies suggest AGE and its organosulfur constituents, such as S-allylcysteine and S-allylmercaptocysteine have anticarcinogenic effects. To confirm these effects in humans, a preliminary double-blind, randomized clinical trial using high-dose AGE (AGE 2.4 mL/d) as an active treatment and low-dose AGE (AGE 0.16 mL/d) as a control was performed on patients with colorectal adenomas—precancerous lesions of the large bowel. The study enrolled 51 patients who were diagnosed as carrying colorectal adenomas. The patients were randomly assigned to the two groups after adenomas larger than 5 mm in diameter were removed by polypectomy. The number and size of adenomas right before intake (0 mo) and at 6 and 12 mo after intake were measured using colonoscopy. Thirty-seven patients (19 in the active group, 18 in the control group) completed the study and were evaluated for the efficacy of AGE. The number of adenomas increased linearly in the control group from the beginning (the baseline), but AGE significantly suppressed both the size and number of colon adenomas in patients after 12 mo of high-dose treatment (P = 0.04). The results suggest AGE suppresses progression of colorectal adenomas in humans. It appears that AGE has multiple pathways to reduce cancer incidence and suppress its growth and proliferation.

KEY WORDS: • garlic • S-allylcysteine • colorectal adenoma • cancer prevention

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