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© 2006 American Society for Nutrition J. Nutr. 136:690-694, March 2006

Symposium: Nutrients, Nuclear Receptors, Inflammation, and Immunity

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Liver X Receptors in Atherosclerosis and Immunity1,2

Grant D. Barish3

Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121

3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gbarish{at}salk.edu.

Atherosclerosis is a primary cause of death in the United States, and the current obesity epidemic threatens to exacerbate its morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite important cardiovascular treatment advances over the past few decades, new approaches are needed to curb dangerous health trends. Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. The discovery of subfamilies known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR) as lipid-sensors that regulate lipid and glucose metabolism as well as inflammation offers new targets for nutritional and pharmacologic treatment of cardiovascular disease.

KEY WORDS: • peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors • liver X receptors • atherosclerosis




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