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2 Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agriculture Science (SLU), S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; 3 Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition, and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Centre and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; and 4 Department of Public Health and Caring Science and Geriatrics, Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Uppsala, S-75125 Sweden
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rikard.landberg{at}lmv.slu.se.
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are phenolic lipids present in whole grain and bran of wheat and rye. Chemically, they comprise 1,3- dihydroxy-5-alkylbenzene homologs with odd-numbered, mainly saturated hydrocarbon side chains in the range of 17–25 carbon atoms. ARs are evaluated both for physiological effects and for their potential use as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake. In this study, plasma kinetics and relative bioavailability of ARs in humans were investigated after a single intake of rye bran 120 g (190 mg ARs). The shapes of plasma concentration time curves were similar in the subjects (n = 6) with 2 peaks at 
2.8 and 6.5 h and maximum concentrations (mean ± SEM) of 1253 ± 125 and 3365 ± 309 nmol/L, respectively. The relative bioavailability of different homologs increased with increasing length of the AR side chain (r = 0.97, P < 0.001), indicating differences in metabolism. The apparent half-lives were rather short, 5 h for all homologs, which suggests that the AR concentration in plasma could be used as a short- to medium-term biomarker of regular intake of whole-grain wheat and rye.
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