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Nutrient Requirements and Optimal Nutrition

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Needs in Children with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Cholestatic Liver Disease^1,2

Diana R. Mager^*,, Linda J. Wykes, Eve A. Roberts^,,**, Ronald O. Ball^*,, and Paul B. Pencharz^*,,,,3

^* Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, and ^** Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; School of Dietetics & Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada; and Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

³ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: paul.pencharz{at}sickkids.ca.

ABSTRACT

Protein-energy malnutrition is prevalent in children with chronic cholestatic liver disease. Supplementation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in infants and children with chronic liver disease has been associated with significant improvement in growth and nitrogen balance, suggesting that BCAA requirements are increased in chronic liver disease. The goal of the present study was to determine the total BCAA requirement in children with mild-to-moderate chronic cholestatic (MCC) liver disease using indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO). Total BCAA requirements were determined in 6 children (6.3 ± 3.7 y, mean ± SD) with MCC liver disease. Children were randomly assigned to receive 7 graded intakes of total BCAA. Individual BCAA in the test diet were provided in the same proportions as those present in egg protein to minimize the potential interactive effects of individual BCAA on assessment of requirement. The total BCAA requirement was determined by measuring the oxidation of L-[1-¹³C] Phe to ¹³CO₂ [F¹³CO₂ in µmol/(kg·h)], after a primed, continuous oral administration of the tracer and using a 2-phase linear regression crossover regression analysis. The estimated mean requirement and the upper limit of the 95% CI for total BCAA establishing using the IAAO in children with MCC liver disease were 209 and 272 mg/(kg·d), respectively. Total BCAA estimated average requirements using the IAAO were significantly higher than mean requirements established previously for healthy children (P < 0.05).

KEY WORDS: • amino acid • children • liver disease

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