QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Haisma, H. Articles by Visser, G. H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Haisma, H. Articles by Visser, G. H.

---

Human Nutrition and Metabolism

Complementary Feeding with Cow’s Milk Alters Sleeping Metabolic Rate in Breast-Fed Infants^1,2

Hinke Haisma^*,,**,3, Jonathan C. K. Wells, W. Andrew Coward, Danton Duro Filho^*, Cesar G. Victora^*, Roel J. Vonk^**, Antony Wright and G. Henk Visser^,

^* Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Medicina Social, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Groningen University, Zoological Laboratory, Haren, the Netherlands; ^** Groningen University, Laboratory of Paediatrics, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute of Child Health, MRC Childhood Nutrition Research Group, London, UK; MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK; and Centre for Isotope Research, Groningen, the Netherlands

³To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: h.haisma{at}biol.rug.nl.

Although it is widely accepted that energy expenditure in infants is a function of feeding pattern, the mechanism behind this is not well understood. The objectives of this observational study were as follows: 1) to compare minimal observable energy expenditure (MOEE) between 2 subgroups of breast-fed infants, a BM group in which breast milk was the only source of milk and a BCM group given cow’s milk in addition to breast milk; and 2) to identify potential mediators of a feeding pattern effect. For this purpose, infants were classified by feeding group on the basis of a mother’s recall. Respiration calorimetry was used to measure MOEE in 62 infants (n = 35 BM, n = 27 BCM) aged 8.7 mo in Pelotas, southern Brazil. Breast-milk intake was measured using deuterium oxide, complementary food intake by 1-d food weighing, total energy expenditure and total body water using doubly labeled water; anthropometric indices were calculated. MOEE was 1672 ± 175 kJ/d in BM compared with 1858 ± 210 kJ/d in BCM infants (P < 0.001). Mass-specific MOEE was 201 ± 24.6 and 216 ± 31.9 kJ/(kg · d) in BM and BCM infants, respectively (P = 0.041). MOEE (kJ/d) was mediated by protein intake and fat-free mass (R² = 41.4%). We conclude that complementary feeding with cow’s milk alters the sleeping metabolic rate in breast-fed infants. These findings deserve attention in relation to "metabolic programming" and the development of obesity later in life.

KEY WORDS: • minimal observable energy expenditure • sleeping metabolic rate • breast milk • cow’s milk • infants

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Haisma, W. A. Coward, G. H. Visser, R. Vonk, J. C. K. Wells, A. Wright, and C. G. Victora Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Influence Energy Utilization in Brazilian Breast-Fed Infants J. Nutr., November 1, 2006; 136(11): 2945 - 2951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]