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Nutritional Epidemiology

Major Dietary Patterns and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Prospective Cohort of Swedish Women¹

Bahram Rashidkhani^*, Agneta Åkesson^*, Per Lindblad and Alicja Wolk^*,2

^* Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Urology, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Alicja.Wolk{at}imm.ki.se.

Links between specific foods and the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are not well established. Dietary patterns may be a better predictor of RCC risk. Our aim was to identify and examine major dietary patterns and their relation to the risk of RCC in a large prospective cohort study of Swedish women. Complete dietary information was available from a FFQ from 46,572 women aged 40–76 y at baseline. We conducted factor analysis to identify dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. During a mean of 14.3 y of follow-up, we identified 93 cases of RCC. We observed 3 major dietary patterns in the cohort: Healthy (vegetables, tomato, fish, fruits, poultry, whole grains), Western (sweets, processed meat, refined grains, margarine/butter, high-fat dairy products, fried potato, soft drinks, meat) and Drinker (wine, hard liquor, beer, snacks) pattern. Higher Healthy pattern scores were not significantly associated with decreased risk of RCC (highest vs. lowest tertile RR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.45–1.48 and RR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.27–1.10 among women 65 y). There was a suggestion of an inverse association between the Drinker pattern and RCC risk (RR comparing the 2nd and 3rd with the first tertile, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34–0.95; and 0.72; 95% CI, 0.42–1.22, respectively, P = 0.08 by Wald test); the association was clearer among women 65 y (P = 0.02 by Wald test). Our data suggest an inverse association between Drinker pattern and the risk of RCC.

KEY WORDS: • renal cell carcinoma • diet • dietary patterns • factor analysis • cohort study