QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Zhang, L. Articles by Neu, J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Zhang, L. Articles by Neu, J.

---

Nutritional Immunology

Alive and Dead Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Decrease Tumor Necrosis Factor-–Induced Interleukin-8 Production in Caco-2 Cells

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0296 and ^* Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Neonatology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China 350001

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: neuj{at}peds.ufl.edu.

Certain probiotic bacteria show anti-inflammatory activity after being heat killed, whereas others do not, suggesting that the gastrointestinal environment may alter the activity of probiotic bacteria. Occasionally, probiotics are provided when a patient is also being treated with oral antibiotics; this may have an effect on the probiotic activity. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) are capable of downregulating tumor necrosis factor- (TNF)-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production under all 3 of these conditions, and that LGG act through the nuclear factor B (NFB)/inhibitor of B (IB) pathway. Caco-2 cells were treated with live or heat-killed LGG in doses ranging from 10⁴ to 10¹⁰ cfu/L, in the presence or absence of antibiotics and TNF in the media. TNF-induced production of IL-8 by Caco-2 cells was modulated by LGG under all 3 conditions. However, higher doses of live LGG without TNF in the presence or absence of antibiotics in vitro induced the production of IL-8 (P = 0.001). Heat-killed LGG also blunted the TNF-induced IL-8 production (P < 0.01), but by itself did not increase IL-8 production at higher doses as markedly as live LGG (P < 0.05). LGG reduced the TNF-induced NFB translocation to the nucleus and lessened the decrease in IB in the cytoplasm (P < 0.05). LGG reduced TNF-induced IL-8 production by affecting the NFB/IB pathway in Caco-2 cells. High doses of live LGG markedly increased IL-8 production, but heat-killed LGG caused only a slight increase in IL-8. Thus, heat-killed LGG may effectively ameliorate inflammation with a lower potential than live LGG at high doses to cause inflammation.

KEY WORDS: • probiotic bacteria • intestinal epithelial cells • interleukin-8 • nuclear factor B/inhibitor of B

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. E. Higgins, J. P. Higgins, A. D. Wolfenden, S. N. Henderson, A. Torres-Rodriguez, G. Tellez, and B. Hargis Evaluation of a Lactobacillus-Based Probiotic Culture for the Reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis in Neonatal Broiler Chicks Poult. Sci., January 1, 2008; 87(1): 27 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Neu, M. Douglas-Escobar, and M. Lopez Microbes and the Developing Gastrointestinal Tract Nutr Clin Pract, April 1, 2007; 22(2): 174 - 182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Forsythe, M. D. Inman, and J. Bienenstock Oral Treatment with Live Lactobacillus reuteri Inhibits the Allergic Airway Response in Mice Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2007; 175(6): 561 - 569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Neu Gastrointestinal development and meeting the nutritional needs of premature infants Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2007; 85(2): 629S - 634S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Jesse and J. Neu Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Relationship to Innate Immunity, Clinical Features, and Strategies for Prevention NeoReviews, March 1, 2006; 7(3): e143 - e150. [Full Text] [PDF]