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* RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
** TNO Quality of Life, Physiological Sciences Department, Zeist, The Netherlands; and
Institute of Animal Nutrition & Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: peter.hollman{at}wur.nl.
Quercetin is a dietary polyphenolic compound with potentially beneficial effects on health. Claims that quercetin has biological effects are based mainly on in vitro studies with quercetin aglycone. However, quercetin is rapidly metabolized, and we have little knowledge of its availability to tissues. To assess the long-term tissue distribution of quercetin, 2 groups of rats were given a 0.1 or 1% quercetin diet [
50 or 500 mg/kg body weight (wt)] for 11 wk. In addition, a 3-d study was done with pigs fed a diet containing 500 mg quercetin/kg body wt. Tissue concentrations of quercetin and quercetin metabolites were analyzed with an optimized extraction method. Quercetin and quercetin metabolites were widely distributed in rat tissues, with the highest concentrations in lungs (3.98 and 15.3 nmol/g tissue for the 0.1 and 1% quercetin diet, respectively) and the lowest in brain, white fat, and spleen. In the short-term pig study, liver (5.87 nmol/g tissue) and kidney (2.51 nmol/g tissue) contained high concentrations of quercetin and quercetin metabolites, whereas brain, heart, and spleen had low concentrations. These studies have for the first time identified target tissues of quercetin, which may help to understand its mechanisms of action in vivo.
KEY WORDS: • quercetin • glucuronides • tissue distribution • flavonoids • polyphenols
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