QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ewaschuk, J. B. Articles by Zello, G. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ewaschuk, J. B. Articles by Zello, G. A.

---

Critical Review

D-Lactate in Human and Ruminant Metabolism

Julia B. Ewaschuk^*, Jonathan M. Naylor and Gordon A. Zello^*,1

^* College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7K 5C9

¹To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Gordon.Zello{at}usask.ca.

D-Lactate is normally present in the blood of mammals at nanomolar concentrations due to methylglyoxal metabolism; millimolar D-lactate concentrations can arise due to excess gastrointestinal microbial production. Grain overload in ruminants, short-bowel syndrome in humans, and diarrhea in calves can all result in profound D-lactic acidemia, with remarkably similar neurological manifestations. In the past, D-lactate was thought to be excreted mainly in the urine, and metabolized slowly by the enzyme D--hydroxy acid dehydrogenase. More recent studies reported that mammals have a relatively high capacity for D-lactate metabolism and identified a putative mammalian D-lactate dehydrogenase. A growing body of literature is also emerging describing subclinical elevation of D-lactate as an indicator of sepsis and trauma. This article describes advances in the understanding of D-lactate metabolism, D-lactic acidosis in ruminants and humans, and subclinical elevation of D-lactate.

KEY WORDS: • D-lactate • metabolism • acidosis • ruminants • humans • diarrhea

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. J. Herrera, K. Morris, C. Johnston, and P. Griffiths Automated assay for plasma D-lactate by enzymatic spectrophotometric analysis with sample blank correction Ann Clin Biochem, March 1, 2008; 45(2): 177 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Abeysekara, J. M. Naylor, A. W. A. Wassef, U. Isak, and G. A. Zello D-Lactic acid-induced neurotoxicity in a calf model Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2007; 293(2): E558 - E565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]