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Nutrient Interactions and Toxicity

Daily Intake of Multivitamins during Long-Term Intake of Olestra in Men Prevents Declines in Serum Vitamins A and E but Not Carotenoids¹

Richard T. Tulley^*,2,3, Janaki Vaidyanathan^*,4, Joanie B. Wilson^*,4, Jennifer C. Rood^*, Jennifer C. Lovejoy^*,5, Marlene M. Most^*, Julia Volaufova^*,6, John C. Peters and George A. Bray^*

^* Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA and Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rtulley{at}agcenter.lsu.edu.

The objective of this study was to determine whether vitamin supplementation during long-term (36 wk) ingestion of olestra supplemented with vitamin E could prevent decreases in vitamin E, vitamin A, and carotenoids. This was a 36-wk study of 37 healthy males randomly assigned to consume a control diet composed of 33% energy from fat, a similar diet in which one third of the energy from fat had been replaced with olestra, or a fat-reduced (25% of energy from fat) diet. Subjects also ingested a daily multivitamin (Centrum^TM). Serum concentrations of -tocopherol, retinol, ß-carotene, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin were analyzed by HPLC. Subjects eating the olestra-containing diet had substantial decreases in serum ß-carotene, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin, which occurred by 12 wk; these changes were found despite correcting for serum total cholesterol or BMI. Serum ß-carotene and lycopene concentrations were below the lower limit of the reference range (<0.186 and <0.298 µmol/L, respectively) at one or more time points. The slight decline in serum -tocopherol concentration, significant at 24 wk, was caused by the decline in serum cholesterol. Retinol concentrations decreased with time in all 3 groups, but were not affected by olestra. We conclude that supplementation with a multivitamin containing vitamins A and E was adequate to prevent olestra-induced decrease in serum -tocopherol and retinol. Olestra-induced decreases in serum ß-carotene, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin were not prevented by the vitamin supplement used in this study.

KEY WORDS: • olestra • vitamin E • vitamin A • carotenoids • fat substitute