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Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and * Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: omartine{at}ugr.es.
Milk 
-casein–derived glycomacropeptide has immunomodulatory and bacterial toxin binding effects. The intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of glycomacropeptide was assessed in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid–induced colitis in rats. Rats were administered glycomacropeptide daily starting either 2 d before (pretreatment) or 3 h after (post-treatment) colitis induction. Pretreatment with glycomacropeptide had a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect, characterized by lower body weight loss, decreased anorexia (57%), colonic damage (65%), and weight to length ratio (32%), as well as a reduction in colonic alkaline phosphatase activity (42%) and interleukin 1, trefoil factor 3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels (P < 0.05). The mechanism of action of glycomacropeptide is unknown but is consistent with an inhibition of the activation of immune cells. The magnitude of the anti-inflammatory effect was generally comparable to that of sulfasalazine, an established drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Bovine glycomacropeptide may play a role in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
KEY WORDS: • glycomacropeptide • casein macropeptide • trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid • inflammatory bowel disease
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