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Nutrient Requirements

Single-Cell Protein Diet of a Novel Recombinant Vitellogenin Yeast Enhances Growth and Survival of First-Feeding Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Larvae¹

Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dbsdjl{at}nus.edu.sg.

Yeast single-cell protein (SCP) is a high-nutrient feed substitute. This study evaluates the dual applications of a novel recombinant Pichia pastoris SMD1168H (SMD) yeast, expressing a tilapia vitellogenin protein (rVtg), as an SCP diet for Artemia and the first-feeding fish larvae. Instar II Artemia fed rVtg, rVtg precultured in 5% fish oil (rVtg-FO), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), or native SMD had greater lipid contents (P < 0.05) than the freshly hatched. Lipid deposition in the Artemia fed rVtg or rVtg-FO was greater (P < 0.05) than in those fed SMD or SC. Diet-induced accumulation of low levels of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] was detected only in Artemia fed the rVtg-based diets. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were fed solely yeast diets singly or in combination (d 3–22), or a staggered regimen of yeast (d 3–12) followed by unenriched or yeast-enriched Artemia (d 13–22). The larvae fed rVtg for 22 d increased in length and weight (P < 0.05), whereas those fed SC or SMD suffered growth suppression and high mortality. Such adverse consequences were ameliorated when 50% of SC was substituted with rVtg. The larvae prefed rVtg followed by a dietary switch to Artemia preenriched for 48 h with rVtg or rVtg-FO were greatest in length, had the highest weight gain, and lived the longest. Besides delivering rVtg protein, essential fatty acids and amino acids, rVtg may have probiotic effects in enhancing larval survival. This study suggests the feasibility of using the rVtg yeast as an Artemia booster and an SCP first feed for larvae.

KEY WORDS: • yeast recombinant vitellogenin • Artemia enrichment • live yeast-feed for fish larvae • larval growth and survival