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Nutrient Metabolism

(n-3) Fatty Acids Reduce the Release of Prostaglandin E₂ from Bone but Do Not Affect Bone Mass in Obese (fa/fa) and Lean Zucker Rats^1,2

Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 Canada

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hweiler{at}cc.umanitoba.ca.

Childhood obesity is prevalent and linked to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and poor bone health. Some PUFA enhance bone mass and thus may improve bone health in obese children. The study objective was to determine the effects of dietary (n-6) compared with (n-3) essential PUFA and long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) on bone in an obese and insulin-resistant state. Male fa/fa (n = 48) and lean Zucker rats (n = 48) were fed diets containing safflower oil [SO, high (n-6) PUFA], flaxseed oil [FXO, high (n-3) PUFA], or menhaden oil [MO, high (n-3) LCPUFA] for 9 wk. Measurements included the following: femur bone area (BA), mineral content (BMC), density (BMD), morphometry and ex vivo release of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂); plasma osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Differences among groups were detected using 2-way ANOVA. Genotype effects in the fa/fa rats included lower femoral weight, length, BA, and BMC, as well as femoral head and proximal epiphysis widths compared with the lean rats, but BMD was not affected. Femur BA, BMC, and BMD did not differ among the dietary groups, but diaphysis width was elevated in the MO group and PGE₂ release was reduced by the FXO and MO diets. No genotype x diet interactions were observed. These data indicate that the fa/fa Zucker rat is at risk for low bone mass and that dietary (n-3) FA effectively reduce PGE₂ release. Whether reduced PGE₂ will support optimal peak bone mass during childhood and conserve bone mass with aging warrants investigation.

KEY WORDS: • bone • obesity • hyperinsulinemia • Type 2 diabetes mellitus • PUFA

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