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Biochemical and Molecular Actions of Nutrients

Megalin-Mediated Reuptake of Retinol in the Kidneys of Mice Is Essential for Vitamin A Homeostasis^1,2

Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, D-14558 Nuthetal (Bergholz-Rehbruecke), Germany and ^* Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13125 Berlin, Germany

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jraila{at}rz.uni-potsdam.de.

The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism. We examined the extent to which megalin deficiency may affect urinary ROH excretion, levels of ROH and RBP in plasma, as well as storage of VA in liver and kidney. For this purpose, mice with a kidney-specific megalin gene defect (megalin^lox/lox; apoE^Cre) and control mice (megalin^lox/lox) were fed either a basal diet containing 4500 retinol equivalents (RE)/kg diet or a diet without VA during experimental periods of 42 and 84 d. Urinary ROH excretion was observed only in megalin^lox/lox; apoE^Cre mice (P < 0.0001, 2-way ANOVA) and not in the controls. Plasma ROH and RBP differed only by diet (P < 0.05), but not genotype (P = 0.615). A major effect of megalin deficiency, however, was evident in retinyl ester levels in the liver (P < 0.05), which were 37% lower than those in megalin^lox/lox controls (P < 0.05, Student’s t test) during the 84-d period of dietary VA deprivation. Kidney levels of VA were not affected by the receptor gene defect. The findings demonstrate that urinary ROH excretion caused by megalin deficiency requires accelerated mobilization of hepatic VA stores to maintain normal plasma ROH levels, which suggests that megalin plays an essential role in systemic VA homeostasis.

KEY WORDS: • megalin • vitamin A homeostasis • mice

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