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Nutritional Immunology

Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate In Vivo, Antigen-Driven CD4⁺ T-Cell Proliferation in Mice¹

Departments of Animal Sciences, Nutritional Sciences and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211

²To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: FritscheK{at}missouri.edu.

Our objective was to determine whether dietary lipids affect in vivo, antigen-driven, proliferation of naïve CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. To accomplish this, we adoptively transferred lymphocytes from T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic DO11.10 (i.e., donor) mice into syngeneic, nontransgenic BALB/c (i.e., recipient) mice. Before adoptive transfer, recipient mice were fed for 4 wk AIN93G-type diets that differed only in fat source: lard, low in PUFA, fish oil, rich in (n-3) PUFA, and soybean oil, rich in (n-6) PUFA. One week after transfer, recipient mice were immunized with antigen (i.e., ovalbumin), and expansion of CD4⁺ T^DO11.10 cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes (LN) was measured by flow cytometry. Five days postimmunization (p.i.), at the peak of expansion, CD4⁺ T^DO11.10 cells in the draining LN and spleen were 5- to 10-fold higher than in unimmunized mice, then quickly declined during the contraction phase (i.e., 7 and 10 d p.i.). Recipients fed the (n-6) PUFA rich diet had 25% greater in vivo expansion of CD4⁺ T^DO11.10 cells than lard- and fish oil–fed recipient mice at 5 d p.i. (P < 0.05). However, at 7 and 10 d p.i., CD4⁺ T^DO11.10 cells in the draining lymph nodes did not differ between groups, nor in the spleen at 5, 7, and 10 d p.i. In summary, we are the first to demonstrate that dietary PUFAs affect antigen-driven expansion of naïve CD4⁺ T cells in vivo. Surprisingly, (n-3) PUFA consumption did not reduce CD4⁺ T-cell expansion.

KEY WORDS: • CD4⁺ T cells • TCR transgenic mice • diet • fatty acids • proliferation

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