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Biochemical and Molecular Actions of Nutrients

Enteral Administration of Soybean Phosphatidylcholine Enhances the Lymphatic Absorption of Lycopene, but Reduces That of -Tocopherol in Rats

Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan

¹To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hara{at}chem.agr.hokudai.ac.jp.

Dietary phosphatidylcholine (PC) increases the lymphatic absorption of triglyceride (TG). This result suggests that dietary PC might also enhance the absorption of other fat-soluble nutrients. We examined the effects of PC on lycopene and -tocopherol absorption in male rats fitted with a thoracic lymph cannula. The lymphatic output was collected after administration of 1 mL of emulsified test oils containing lycopene and/or -tocopherol in 3 separate experiments. The sodium taurocholate–emulsified test oils contained soybean oil (SO; 113 µmol triglyceride), SO containing soybean PC (SPC; 82.5 µmol SO plus 30.5 µmol purified soybean PC) or SO containing egg PC (EPC; 82.5 µmol SO plus 30.5 µmol purified egg PC) with both lycopene and -tocopherol (Expt. 1) or SO, SPC, or EPC with lycopene (Expt. 2) or -tocopherol alone (Expt. 3). In rats administered SPC or EPC, the lymphatic outputs of TG and lycopene were higher, and that of -tocopherol was lower compared with rats administered SO (Expt. 1). The absorption rate for lycopene increased from 0.59% (SO group) to 2.16 and 1.28% in the SPC and EPC groups (P < 0.05), respectively, whereas the corresponding rates for tocopherol were 21.5% for the SO, 14.8% for the SPC, and 12.9% for the EPC groups. The increase in lycopene, but not in triglyceride absorption, was higher in the SPC than in the EPC groups. The promotive effects of SPC and EPC were decreased when lycopene alone was added to the test lipids (Expt. 2), and the inhibitory effects of PC were reduced when -tocopherol alone was added to the test lipids (Expt. 3). Dietary PC increased the lymphatic output of lycopene and TG and decreased that of -tocopherol, suggesting that differences exist between lycopene and -tocopherol in the absorptive mechanisms. The present results also show that the promotive effects of PC on lycopene absorption are influenced by the type of fatty acids in PC.

KEY WORDS: • phosphatidylcholine • lycopene • -tocopherol • rats